基于压电复合智能消能器的层间半主动隔震新体系

The smart dampers must have the large tonnage and adjustable coeffcient if they can be used in engineering practice. The present PZT dampers cannot produce adequate damping force, so the direction of development is the composite of a variety of intelligent materials. This project focuses on the novel composite dampers and its inter-story smart isolation.It emphasises on a new types of smart dampers(the SMA complex smart viscous damper with piezo-valves) and the researches on their philosophy. Then this innovative dampers installed in inter-story isolation system are developed to form the smart inter-story isolation system. The research on the damping mechanism and effect is also explored when isolation level is changed from the base to substructure-story. Adaptive semi-active control algorithm and fault tolerant control strategy for the failure of semi-active control are proposed in order to ensure the effection of smart dampers. Moreover, damper arrangement principle and design method are investigated to reduce the damage of the sunstructure of inter-story isolation system. Fragility analysis of the inter-story isolation system with or without smart dampers are conducted and compared. Reliability evaluation method of inter-story isolation system is then established. Performance levels and design indices are built and defined, and further performance-based design method for inter-story isolation system are developed. This project can provide necessary scientific and technological support for popularizing the inter-story isolation technology, which is of theoretical and practical significances.

智能消能器的阻尼力和可调倍数必须足够大，才有工程实用价值，目前的压电消能器出力太小，多种阻尼材料的复合智能消能器是发展方向。本项目致力于研发形状记忆合金-压电可调黏滞阻尼复合消能器。它复合了形状记忆合金丝和有机硅油产生的黏滞阻尼，并用压电阀调节，形成智能消能器。该消能器将设置在层间隔震的隔震层，形成一种层间智能隔震新体系。建立复合多种智能材料的消能器最优耗能机制的理论模型；探索当隔震层位置变化时该层间智能隔震体系的减震机理与减震效果；提出适合于该智能消能器的自适应半主动智能控制算法以及半主动控制失效时的容错控制策略，确保该智能消能器的有效性；对层间隔震体系进行地震易损性分析，比较设置该智能消能器前、后体系的动力可靠度；最后建立该智能隔震体系基于性态的抗震优化设计方法。本研究将较大程度地提高层间隔震的高科技含量，并力图推动智能层间隔震在我国的工程应用，具有较大的科研价值和工程意义。

虽然隔震能够让医院、核电站和桥梁等生命线工程结构在大地震后仍能正常使用，保证大地震后医院的救死扶伤、供水供电和交通，从而大幅度减少人员伤亡，但是目前的可靠性很低，这使得半主动智能隔震已成为该领域亟待开展的研究课题。压电智能陶瓷具有响应速度快（能达到微秒级）和陶瓷固体材料（与磁流变液体比较而言）性能非常稳定的显著优点，以其为可调阻尼器的智能材料，本项目研究基于压电可调液体黏滞阻尼器的桥梁高位智能隔震和建筑层间智能隔震的机理与减震性能。系统研究了可调黏滞阻尼器基于实时混合动力试验的耗能能力等减震性能，在此基础提出了三种压电复合液体黏滞阻尼器：满足实际工程需要的大出力液体黏滞阻尼器（分活塞头可调和旁路可调两种）和高可调倍数的压电-磁流变阻尼器，提出了阻尼器的实时混合试验子结构精确性和稳定性理论；在广州大学进行了模拟地震振动台试验。首先设计了压电陶瓷放大装置，制作了实验室比例的黏滞阻尼器，智能阻尼器性能实验和振动台试验都表明，可调黏滞阻尼器耗能能力良好，能够大幅度减少隔震层位移，同时能够控制加速度和柱底剪力。总之同时进行了实时混合动力试验和层间隔震振动台模拟试验是本项目较大的特色，即对阻尼器的特性有详细的把握，又能全面了解智能阻尼器对层间隔震的减震效果。