珠江下游-海洋水环境中天然有机碳与有机氟污染物的迁移和转化

The composition, structure, and forms of suspended particulate materials (SPM) and colloidal organic matters (COM) will be characterized by using nulcear magnetic resonance (NMR), organic molecular marker, stable- and radio-carbon isotope analytical techniques. And the source, spatial and temporal distribution, transport, and fate of major toxic organic contaminants such as perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), which include perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), will be investigated. Through the investigation on the distribution, seasonal variations, annual flux of typical organic contaminants in the river of the Pearl River Delta, estuary, bay, ocean waters in the South China Sea, the regional pollution situation and evolution trend of aquatic quality can be explored. This project will also focus on the transport process, particularly on the colloidal transport process of organic contaminants, which is very important, but has rarely been investigated in Chian. The association mechanism of organic contaminants with SPM and COM, and its relationship with abundance, composition, and structure of various organic matters will be further expounded. The desorption and bioavailability of organic contaminants will be carefully explored. In a word, this project belongs to the research frontier on the regional environmental quality change, aquatic quality protection, and aquatic pollution control.

应用核磁共振光谱、有机分子标记物、放射性碳同位素等分析技术，表征珠江下游水体中悬浮颗粒物、胶体有机质和粘土矿物的化学成分、结构和形态，研究珠江水体、河口、海湾、海洋中主要毒害有机污染物（有机氟化合物, PFCs）的来源、时空分布、迁移、转化和归宿过程。通过系统地研究珠江下游水体中有机污染物的含量分布和季节性变异，计算其年输出通量，探索区域环境污染和水环境质量的变化规律。通过野外观察和采样、室内分析和模拟，揭示主要毒害有机污染物在水体中的迁移形式，尤其是目前国内研究不多而又很重要的胶体迁移过程；探讨毒害有机污染物在悬浮颗粒物和胶体上的结合形态及其与不同形态有机碳的丰度、组成和结构的关系，阐述它们的解吸性和生物有效性。本项目是一项与区域环境质量变化、水环境污染控制和水环境质量保护相结合的前沿性基础研究课题。

研究了珠江流域水环境中多氟化合物在悬浮颗粒物-水、浮游生物-水的时空分布规律，及其与沉积物、颗粒物有机碳的形态或浓度的关系，阐述它们在沉积物-水-生物界面的分布规律、生态环境效应，揭示其解吸性和可逆性及生物有效性，为珠江三角洲流域的环境质量评价和管理、环境污染调控提供了科学数据。研究了一些类脂生物标记物在水生生态系统中的沉积记录，以及作为水生生态系统生产力的指示指标；它们与有机污染的沉积记录和全球变暖也有很好的相关性，表明它们是很好的环境变化指标。阐述了珠江三角洲水体中典型有机污染物的迁移、富集特征及其生物有效性，为水环境质量的管理和改善提供科学数据。总结和统计分析了试验数据，拟写了年度报告和学术论文。研究项目开展以来，已在国际Environmental Science and Technology、Water Research、Organic Geochemistry、Environmental Pollution等杂志上发表SCI论文11篇，在国内核心刊物上发表论3篇.