CO2开关型溶剂体系的构建及其在油泥分离中的应用研究初探

The biggest obstacle for realizing the environmental friendly property of the chemical processing and separation is the utility and emission of volatile solvent. The intelligent solvent is the only choice to avoid above obstacle. Hence, it has attracted wide attentions of scientific researcher and industrial community. This project will develop researches on construction of solvent systems with CO2-switchability and their applications in oil sludge separation. Based on the CO2 stimuli responsiveness, the solvent systems with switchable polarity, hydrophily, and ionic strength will be constructed. The solubility and precipitation ability of diesel oil in above solvents are studied in detail before and after bubbling of CO2. The recovery and recycling ability of the solvent after removal of CO2 are evaluated. The relationship between the infuence factors (component, temperature, bubbling time, bubbling rate, stirring rate, standing time, etc.) and the switchability of the solvent is revealed. The compatibility mechanism between solvent and diesel oil and switchable mechnism of the solvent are exploited after bubbling and revoval of CO2. The solvent systems with strong solubility ability of diesel oil before bubbling of CO2, high seperation degree of diesel oil after bubbling of CO2, good recovery and recycling ability are chosen to separate the oil and clay of oil sludge. The treatment effect and ability of solvent system on the oil sludge is primitively exploited. The research results will provide theory and technology support for devoloping green and environment protection techniques of treating of oil sludge.

实现化学加工与分离过程绿色环保性的最大障碍是有机溶剂的使用与排放，智能溶剂是绕开这一障碍的不二选择，因而受到科研人员乃至工业界的广泛关注。本项目拟开展CO2开关型溶剂体系的构建及其在油泥分离中的应用研究。基于CO2刺激响应性，构建极性、亲水性、离子强度可变的CO2开关型溶剂体系；系统考察CO2通入前后柴油在开关溶剂中的溶解与析出能力；评价排出CO2后溶剂体系的恢复状况及循环再利用能力；揭示溶剂结构成分、温度、通气速率与时间、混合搅拌速率、静置时间等因素与溶剂开关能力之间的规律与关联，探讨溶剂体系与柴油之间的配伍机理及通入、排出CO2前后溶剂体系的开关机理；筛选出CO2通入前柴油溶解能力强、CO2通入后析出程度高、排出CO2后恢复状况好且可多次循环利用的溶剂体系；针对油田中废弃油基泥浆，初步探索开关溶剂体系对泥浆的处理效果与能力。研究结果将为开发绿色环保的油基泥浆处理技术提供理论和技术支持。

相对于光、电、磁、酸碱等刺激响应性溶剂体系，CO2 开关型溶剂体系因其绿色环保、易于操作、无残留富集、可循环利用等特征而更受青睐。针对页岩气钻井含油废固废油固分离，本项目深入研究了CO2开关溶剂在钻井油基固废分离的可行性，开关调控机制，为含油固废的处理提供了绿色、环保、可持续的技术方法。.首先，针对含油固废萃取分离理论，基于开关溶剂的不同CO2开关行为，成功构建了三种适合含油固废分离的开关溶剂体系，即极性可变的开关溶剂（SPS）、亲水性可变开关溶剂（SHS）和开关水（SW），系统性研究探究了影响三类开关溶剂的CO2开关性能的关键因素，如温度、气速等，揭示了CO2开关溶剂可逆转变的规律，掌握了CO2开关溶剂体系调控机制。其次，以柴油、白油和原油为模拟油，系统性研究开关溶剂对油分离的开关性能；基于溶解度参数评估了不同SHS和油的溶解性，弄清了影响SHS对油分离的关键因素，进一步揭示了SHS与油的分离机制，即CO2调控下SHS的可逆亲疏水性转变；利用开关水N,N,N',N'-四甲基己二胺和油中环烷酸设计了自组装表面活性剂，实现了油的乳化，考察了影响乳液稳定性和CO2破乳的关键因素，揭示了SW分离油的机理，即CO2调控下SW构建乳液的乳化和破乳机制。最后，基于SHS对油的分离机制，成功建立了SHS-含油固废可循环分离工艺方法，实现了含油污泥、落地油泥和钻屑的油固分离，找到了影响油固分离的关键因素，系统性阐述了SHS-含油固废可循环调控的过程；成功构建了SW通过乳化-破乳分离含油污泥的方法，获得了适用于油固分离的SW构建机制；针对开关溶剂的挥发性问题，制备了一种CO2开关无表活性微乳液，成功建立了微乳液清洗钻屑的可循环工艺方法；构筑了复合型开关水萃取分离方法，建立了基于复合型开关水的油砂清洗工艺流程，并评价了其对油砂的清洗效果。