可燃固废热解焦油典型模型化合物制备石墨烯“热-化”转化机理研究

Energy regeneration and recycling utilization technology of combustible solid waste is the key development orientation in the field of energy conservation and environmental protection, in which the safe disposal of tar becomes a challenging worldwide problem. Developing suitable and new utilizations with high value of the combustible solid waste tar can be the key to break current developing and application limitations of pyrolysis and gasification technology. This project studies the thermal chemical preparation process of materials from a heat-transfer prospective, takes combustible solid waste tar as an research object and carries out a research on thermal chemical reaction process in which single tar model compound transit to multiple tar model compound gradually by constructing tar model compound. Furthermore, this project builds the corresponding connection among carbon source molecule, reaction process and product structures and properties, in-depth discusses the synergistic reaction mechanism of chemical reaction and heat transfer processes during the vapor deposition of typical compositional tar model compound basing on material nature. It also reveals the influencing mechanism of heat transfer characteristics on evolution, interactive reaction rules and the interface interaction between substrate of carbon source molecule in such thermal conversion processes and establishes a correlative mechanism between material and energy transfer in the reaction process. This project further improves the theory and method on graphene thermo-chemical preparation with medium and low temperature while exploring a new path on turning combustible solid waste tar to valuable material.

可燃固废能源化清洁利用是节能环保领域重点发展方向，其能源化过程中焦油的安全处置是一项极具挑战的世界性难题，开发适用于可燃固废热解焦油的高值资源化清洁利用新途径是突破当前可燃固废热解气化技术发展与应用局限性的关键。本项目从热传递的角度研究材料热化学制备过程，以可燃固废热解气化过程中产生的焦油为对象，通过构建焦油模型化合物，开展从单一模型化合物逐级过渡至多元模型化合物的石墨烯制备过程热化学反应机理研究，构建碳源分子、反应过程及产物结构性能的对应联系，深入探讨基于物质本性的焦油典型组分模型化合物气相沉积过程中化学反应及传热过程协同反应机理，揭示反应系统热传递特性对碳源分子在该类热转化过程中的分子演变历程、交互反应规律及其与衬底之间界面交互作用的影响机制，构建反应过程物质传递与能量传递之间关联机制，进一步完善此类石墨烯中低温热化学制备理论及方法，探索一条适用于可燃固废热解焦油高值材料化利用新路径。

可燃固废热解气化是实现其能源化清洁利用的重点发展方向，但该过程副产物焦油的安全处置是一项极具挑战的世界性难题，传统中高温催化裂解/重整面临着，开辟可燃固废热解焦油高值资源化利用新途径是突破当前可燃固废热解气化技术发展与应用局限性的关键。项目以大宗典型生物质焦油为碳源，根据其构成分布宽泛的特点提出了分级转化的策略，即轻质组分气相沉积、重质组分催化活化的方法，获得了石墨烯、高比面积分级多孔碳及其复合材料等系列产物，明确了生物质焦油不同组分热转化制备石墨烯的主导因素，进一步开展了产物在超级电容器、氧还原反应、析氧反应和气体分离吸附方面的应用研究，揭示了其结构与性能之间的关联规律，掌握了其结构及性能调控方法，为实现生物质等可燃固废热解焦油的高值化利用提供了新的思路。