远洋海岛群综合能量供给系统基础理论研究

An adequate and reliable energy supply for ocean islands is the exact foundation to promote the implementation of the national ocean strategy. There is abundant renewable energy in pelagic islands, yet it is difficult to refuel conventional power units. Considering these characteristics, an integrated energy supply system of pelagic clustering islands, which coordinates renewable energy generation and conventional clean energy generation, can be planned. However, the effective utilization of renewable energy such as wind, solar, wave and ocean current is challenged by the randomness, volatility and intermittent of these power generations as well as coordinated power dispatching between generation, network and load. Besides, it is also challenged by the contrary distribution characteristics of power sources and loads. In response to these challenges, the following researches are planned in this project: the research on the planning of integrated energy supply system of pelagic clustering islands with coexistence of power flow and transportation flow; the research on multi-modality energy conversion and utilization optimization strategy for power supply system and energy storage vessels; the research on generation-network-load multiple temporal-spatial scale coordinated dispatching of supply system powered with multi-rate energies; as well as the development of simulation platform and project experiment verification of integrated energy supply system of pelagic clustering islands with multiple energy flow transportations. Achievements of this project can be used in establishing the basic theory and key technology architecture of the integrated energy supply system of pelagic clustering islands, which will lay a solid foundation for future practical application as well as promoting the overall efficiency and reliability of energy supply for pelagic clustering islands. The innovation of this project lies in proposing completely innovative energy flow mode for scattered ocean islands based on oceanography and energy storage technology. "EV (Electric Vessel, traditionally referred to Electric Vehicle)" is redefined with a new connotation.

充裕可靠的海岛能量供给是推进国家海洋战略实施的物质基础。针对远洋海岛可再生能源蕴含丰富而常规机组燃料补给困难的特点，可考虑构筑可再生能源发电与常规清洁能源发电相协调的远洋海岛群综合能量供给系统。然而，风光、波浪、海流等新能源的有效利用面临发电的随机性、波动性和间歇性以及源网荷调度的协调性、电源与负荷的逆向分布等挑战。为此，项目计划开展：潮流与物流并存的远洋海岛群综合能量供给系统规划、岛屿电网与储电船舶的多形态能源转换与消纳优化、含多速率能量供给系统的源网荷多时空尺度协调调度、含多能流输运的远洋海岛群综合能量供给系统仿真平台开发及工程实验验证等研究。项目成果将构建远洋海岛群综合能量供给系统的基础理论及关键技术体系，为提升远洋海岛群能量供应的总体能效及可靠性，以及未来的工程实际应用奠定坚实基础。项目的创新性在于提出了基于海洋地理及综合能量存储的海岛群能量流动新模式，并赋予了EV新的内涵。

建立能独立平稳运行的远洋海岛群综合能量供给系统，对维护国家主权领土完整、促进当地经济社会发展、推进国家海洋战略的顺利实施等均具有重大意义。针对远洋海岛可再生能源蕴藏丰富而常规机组燃料补给困难的特点，本项目围绕远洋海岛群综合能量供给系统的规划及其稳定经济运行展开研究，以总体能效最高和可再生能源渗透率最大化为着眼点，独创性地引入了大容量储/换电船舶和不稳定性能源资源分散消纳理念。从岛屿群多速率混合能量供给网络规划、岛屿电网与储/换电船舶的多形态能源转换与消纳优化控制、多速率能量供给系统的源-网-荷多时空尺度协调调度等若干关键问题入手，首先建立了远洋海岛群综合能量供给系统总体框架、设计了适用于电源分散布置及能量离散化输运条件的储/换电船舶的技术指标，提出了考虑能源-负荷双重波动及多样化需求的能量打包优化配置策略、以及远洋海岛群电源、输配电网络的规划方法；在此基础上，研究了储/换电船舶的充电/集电航路调度策略，提出了满足供电可靠性和经济性的储能选型方案与最优充放电控制策略，以及利用多形态清洁能源转换与消纳模型提高可再生能源渗透率的系列方法；进一步地，提出了满足中心岛内负荷多样性能量需求的多速率能量供给系统的负荷保障策略、适应于可再生能源出力与负荷需求变动并存场景的岛内/岛间发电-负荷多空间协调调度方法；借助储电（换电）船舶灵活的能源转换和输运方式，建立了含有线电缆和无线电能传输航路的动态最优广义潮流模型，在此基础上，提出了综合能量供给系统中长期时序能量协调调度技术以及日前-日内滚动优化的多时间尺度能量平衡策略；最后，开发了基于多能流输运的远洋海岛群综合能量供给系统仿真平台，在实际工程中初步验证了项目所提出的多能流供给系统规划与运行技术。项目研究成果将为提升远洋海岛群能量供应的总体能效和可靠性，以及未来的工程实际应用奠定理论与技术基础。