城市群流域农业和城市非点源污染综合评估及与景观格局关系研究

With point source pollution continue to be controlled, non-point source (NPS) pollution becomes major pollution source. With urbanization accelerating in China, urban NPS pollution takes more and more parts in urban agglomeration basin. How to assess agriculture and urban NPS pollution effectively has become a problem. With urban edge expansion, urban internal transformation dramatically in China. Urban landscape ecology needs to be extended from 2-dimensional to three dimensional scale. The proposal intends to analyze urban and agricultural NPS pollution with SWAT and SWMM Method in Huihe-Taizi river basin, which locates in the Liaoning central urban agglomeration, discuss the construction of NPS pollution estimation paradigm in urban agglomerations basin. The 3-dimensional building information of 6 cities in study area will be interpreted. The 3-dimensianal landscape indices will be designed based on ecological and sociological meaning. The relationship between NPS Pollution and landscape pattern will be studied in 2- and 3-dimensional scale. NPS Pollution monitoring methods and reducing options will be proposed based on the results of NPS simulation and relationship with landscape pattern. The proposal can assess the non-point source pollution in urban agglomerations basin more accurately, propose NPS Pollution estimation paradigm, provide scientific method for NPS pollution monitoring, promote the development of urban landscape ecology from 2D to 3D, strengthen the research the core issues of landscape ecology-pattern and process.

随着点源污染不断得到控制，非点源成为主要污染源。我国城市化不断加速，城市群流域中城市非点源污染贡献不断增加，如何有效综合评估流域农业和城市非点源污染成为亟待解决的问题。我国城市在边缘扩张同时内部改造剧烈，格局分析需要由二维向三维尺度进行扩展。本项目拟采用实测与模型（SWAT和SWMM模型）结合的研究方法综合分析辽宁中部城市群所在的浑河太子河流域农业和城市非点源污染。解译研究区中6个城市建成区的建筑三维信息，构建三维景观格局指标，分析其生态学和社会学意义。在二维尺度上分析流域格局与非点源污染关系，在三维尺度上研究景观格局与城市非点源污染关系。基于研究结果，尝试建立非点源污染监测方法和减缓方案。本项目研究将构建城市群流域非点源污染研究范式，为非点源污染监测和治理提供科学方法。同时，项目可以推动城市景观生态学研究由二维向三维发展，丰富景观生态学格局与过程核心问题研究。

本项目以浑河太子河流域为研究区进行城市群流域农业和城市非点源污染综合评估及与景观格局关系研究。在采样实测数据基础上，应用SWAT模型核算了研究区农业非点源污染负荷TN和TP，研究结果表明耕地是主要污染源，主要分布于流域的中下游区域。基于不同下垫面降雨径流实测数据和SWMM模型，核算研究内七个城市非点源污染TN、TP和重金属污染物负荷量，表明道路污染负荷最重。耦合评估城市和农业非点源污染关系，结果表明流域模型SWAT严重低估了城市非点源污染负荷。基于多情景分析和过程模型的典型区域研究表明：优化布局的LID措施可以减缓城市非点源污染60%以上；合理的土地利用格局和BMP措施可以有效缓解农业非点源污染，研究区最优方案可减缓71%的TN和35%的TP污染入河量。. 项目构建包含城市群的流域农业和城市非点源污染耦合研究的方法体系，发展了从管理和土地利用格局优化角度非点源污染控制方案，能够为有效我国的地表水污染流域综合治理，黑臭水体防治等地表水质问题提供科学支撑。同时，丰富景观生态学核心科学问题格局与过程的研究。