西藏玉米地方种质遗传多样性分析及特异基因资源的发掘

Maize have a long cultivated history in some areas of Tibet. The special geographical and climatic conditions gestate rich local maize germplasm.It contains some needed characteristics in maize breeding and improvement, such as strong adaptability and resistance, high quality and other desirable features.However,these precious resources are devastating collapsed in agricultural modernization.In this research,efforts to completely collect local maize germplasm in Tibet are being made. By the means of molecular marker and phenotypic identification, genetic diversity analysis was studied. Based on type,plant type, grain color, yield, quality, resistance and other indexes, excavate specific gene resources. By this research, it is expected to complete emergency collection, identification, evaluation and preservation of local maize germplasm in Tibet. It will be revealed that phenotype diversity and evolution. Phylogenetic relationships can be obtained through scientific evaluation genetic diversity. The research for the Tibet local maize germplasm resources can provide theoretical basis for the scientific utilization.

玉米在西藏部分地区栽培历史悠久，在其独特的地理和气候条件下，经过长期的自然变异和人工选择，孕育了丰富的地方种质。它们对西藏高原气候具有较强的适应性，蕴含着抗逆、抗病虫及优质等优异基因，是目前玉米品种改良所急需的遗传资源。但伴随西藏农业现代化的推进，珍贵的玉米地方种质正在毁灭性锐减。本研究拟对西藏玉米地方种质进行全面调查收集，开展表型鉴定和多样性分析，明确其表型演化特点；同时以分子标记为主要手段进行遗传多样性研究，揭示其亲缘关系；在此基础上，从资源的类型、株型、籽粒颜色、产量、品质、抗性等方面鉴定和发掘西藏玉米特异种质资源。预期完成西藏玉米地方种质的抢救性收集、鉴定、评价和保存。揭示其表型多样性和演化规律，科学评价西藏玉米的遗传多样性，解析其亲缘关系。本研究将为西藏玉米地方种质资源的科学利用提供理论依据。