多谱段全方位大气临边层析探测方法与关键技术研究

Atmospheric sounding and research are the hot subjects which the earth and space scientific communities pay attention to together. Space-based atmospheric sounding mode using limb viewing allows higher vertical resolution than nadir sounding mode and lager spatial coverage than occulation sounding mode, so it is approved by scientists. To satisfy the demand of high space-time resolution of atmospheric sounding with limb viewing, this project presents a new method of multiband omnibearing atmospheric tomography sounding using limb viewing. It uses multiband catadioptric panoramic imager to realize the detecting of 360 degree omnibearing atmospheric limb radiance. This method has obvious advantage in the aspects of horizon coverage range and horizon resolution compared with existed single and three azimuths atmospheric sounding with limb viewing, and also has the function of earth sensor. However, the difficulty of omnibearing atmospheric tomography sounding using limb viewing is detecting omnibearing narrow band radiance with super-large-scale field. Some key techniques such as aberration-correction of super-large-scale field optical system, design and preparation of film for deep cut-off narrow-band filter, united inversion technique using multiband need be solved. The aim of this project is study the scheme of multiband omnibearing atmospheric tomography sounding using limb viewing, design of multiband omnibearing limb imager, and relevant key techniques. Through this research project,it can provide theoretical and technical basis for application of multiband omnibearing atmospheric tomography sounding technique with limb viewing in space-based atmospheric sounding in our country in future.

大气探测和研究是地球和空间科学界共同关注的热门课题，空间大气临边探测方式因具有比天底探测方式更高的垂直分辨率和比掩日/月探测方式更大的空间覆盖范围而受到科学家的青睐。为满足大气临边探测高时空分辨率的要求，本项目提出一种多谱段全方位大气临边层析探测的新方法，利用多谱段折反式全景成像仪实现360度全方位大气临边成像探测，它比现有的单方位和三方位大气临边探测在水平覆盖范围和水平分辨率方面都有明显优势，还兼具地平敏感功能，但全方位大气临边层析探测的主要难点在于超大视场窄带信号的探测，需要解决超大视场全方位像差校正、深度截止窄带滤光片膜层设计和制备、多谱段联合反演等关键技术问题。本项目拟开展多谱段全方位大气临边层析探测方案和多谱段全方位临边成像仪设计及相关关键技术研究。通过本课题研究为最终实现多谱段全方位大气临边层析探测新技术在我国空间大气探测领域的应用奠定理论和技术基础。

大气探测和研究是地球和空间科学界共同关注的热门课题，空间大气临边探测方式因具有比天底探测方式更高的垂直分辨率和比掩日/月探测方式更大的空间覆盖范围而受到科学家的青睐。为满足大气临边探测高时空分辨率的要求，本项目提出一种多谱段全方位大气临边层析探测的新方法，利用多谱段折反式全景成像仪实现360度全方位大气临边成像探测，它比现有的单方位和三方位大气临边探测在水平覆盖范围和水平分辨率方面都有明显优势，还兼具地平敏感功能，但全方位大气临边层析探测的主要难点在于超大视场窄带信号的探测。 .本项目开展了多谱段全方位大气临边层析探测方案和大气临边全景成像仪设计及相关关键技术研究。波段选择265nm、295nm、360nm、540nm、602nm和664nm。根据模拟的天底、临边光谱辐射亮度、光学系统参数和CCD探测器的性能参数对系统的信噪比进行了分析和估算，满足应用要求。完成了电子学系统的改造，降低了系统的噪声，可满足大气临边全景成像仪探测紫外波段弱信号的需求，编写了数据采集和处理软件。完成了深度截止窄带滤光片膜系、透镜增透膜和反射镜反射膜层的设计、制备和性能测试。利用光阑像差产生的有效像差渐晕来提高边缘视场的像面照度，完成超大视场大气临边全景成像仪光学系统设计，采用模块化设计方案，完成了大气临边全景成像仪原理样机机械结构设计，完成了光、机元件的加工和装调，集成了大气临边全景成像仪原理样机。.对原理样机的传函、中心波长、带宽等性能进行了测试，测试结果均满足应用要求，完成了光谱和辐射定标，并进行了外场试验，外场实测光谱辐射值与模式模拟辐射值基本一致，表明大气临边全景成像仪原理样机性能和功能良好，可以满足多谱段全方位大气临边成像层析探测的需求。本项目取得的研究成果和经验可为下一步工程样机的研制和最终实现天底和临边全方位大气探测在我国空间大气遥感领域的应用奠定了技术基础，本项目突破的相关关键技术可以在大气、海洋等探测等领域推广应用。