三属杂种后代小麦-中间偃麦草易位系的快速创制及其遗传机制

In order to transfer desirable genes from Thinopyrum intermedium and Psathyrostachys huashanica into wheat, we successfully produced a set of new wheat-Th. intermedium-P. huashanica trigeneric hybrid derivatives (F1 、F2 、F3 and F4). The objectives of this project were (1) to study the genetic mechanism of the “high frequency” formation of wheat-Th. intermedium translocation chromosomes and the reason of “quick” disappearance of P. huashanica chromosomes in early selfed derivatives by observation of chromosome pairing behavior during the whole meiosis periods by GISH technique; (2) to develop and characterize the new lines which have wheat-Th. intermedium translocation chromosomes; (3) to develop and characterize the new wheat-Th. intermedium chromosome translocation lines and by GISH, FISH,EST-STS and SSR molecular marker technique in selfed and backcross derivatives; and (4) to evaluate the resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew of all lines, and select the lines with high resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew, and transfer resistance genes into wheat cultivals, and develop the new wheat breeding materials with good agronomic traits and disease resistance, and provide the substantial and continual genetic resource for wheat improvement.

为开发和利用中间偃麦草和华山新麦草的特异基因资源，利用染色体工程方法创制了一套小麦-中间偃麦草-华山新麦草三属杂种后代材料（F1 、F2 、F3和F4）。本项目拟通过GISH技术追踪观察花粉母细胞减数分裂各个时期小麦、中间偃麦草和华山新麦草染色体配对情况与变化规律，研究在杂交早代小麦-中间偃麦草易位染色体高频率形成与稳定遗传的机制，以及华山新麦草染色体快速消失的原因。分离鉴定出含有小麦-中间偃麦草臂间或小片段易位染色体的材料。通过回交、自交等人工选育，利用GISH、FISH、EST-STS和SSR标记等分离鉴定各种类型的小麦-中间偃麦草纯合易位系。同时对所有新材料进行条锈病和白粉病抗性鉴定，筛选兼抗性材料，将抗性基因转入小麦推广品种，获得具有兼抗性基因且综合农艺性状优良的小麦育种新材料，为小麦育种可持续发展提供易于利用的优异基因资源

为开发和利用小麦外源特异基因资源，利用染色体工程方法创制了一套小麦-中间偃麦草-华山新麦草三属杂种后代材料。通过分子细胞遗传学技术和抗病性研究，结果表明：（1）通过GISH技术观察并分析了后代材料（F1、F2、F3、F4）花粉母细胞减数分裂时期小麦、中间偃麦草和华山新麦草染色体配对情况与变化规律。（2）F5代筛选到21个株系具有小麦-中间偃麦草易位染色体，频率高达77.8%，包括小麦-中间偃麦草小片段易位、整臂易位、大片段易位、双端部易位等。（3）获得7份小麦-中间偃麦草纯合易位系，高抗条锈病和白粉病。（4）获得2份小麦-偃麦草易位系，高抗赤霉病、中抗条锈病。（5）获得具有抗病基因且综合农艺性状优良的小麦育种新材料，为小麦育种可持续发展提供了易于利用的优异基因资源。（6）获2018年四川省科技进步二等奖1项（拟授奖），发表SCI 收录论文9篇。培养毕业研究生7名。