汶川震区溃决型泥石流动力特性与流量计算模型研究

Low frequency and high strength are generally the characteristic of break debris flow. The flow discharge amplification scale could not accurately predicted before the dam break and the movement process also could not be speculated after the dam break. A priority work for prevention and mitigation of break debris flow is the flow amplification effect and dynamic movement process research in the further. In view of the most existing flow discharge was given by the conventional calculation, this project will make full use of field investigation and high precision remote sensing to determine the burst characteristic. Combined with sediment correction coefficient and dam break, the flow discharge calculation model of dam break point and downstream was set up. According to the physical experiment and numerical simulation, dynamic movement process and the fundamental of natural blockage body of break debris flow were analyzed. The research result will promote the cognitive level and provide scientific basis for monitoring and early warning of break debris flow.

溃决型泥石流一般具备低频率高强度的特征，溃决前往往不能够精确预测其流量放大规模，溃决后也不能够准确推测其运动过程，因此深入研究溃决后流量放大效应及动力运动过程成为溃决型泥石流防灾减灾的首要工作。针对现有泥石流流量多数以常规计算为主，没有考虑到溃决后的流量放大效应及其导致的后续动力运动过程，本申请课题将充分利用野外现场实地调查及高精度遥感解译确定溃决点特征，结合泥沙修正系数和溃坝模型构建堵塞体溃决口及下游系列断面流量放大计算模型，通过物理实验及数值模拟结果对溃决型泥石流的动力运动过程展开分析，得出堵塞体失稳的基本模式。上述研究成果将会提升人类对溃决型泥石流的认知水平，为今后该类型泥石流的监测预警工作提供科学依据。

溃决型泥石流一般具备低频率高强度的特征，溃决前往往不能够精确预测其流量放大规模，溃决后也不能够准确推测其运动过程，因此深入研究溃决后流量放大效应及动力运动过程成为溃决型泥石流防灾减灾的首要工作。针对现有泥石流流量多数以常规计算为主，没有考虑到溃决后的流量放大效应及其导致的后续动力运动过程，本申请课题充分利用了野外现场实地调查及高精度遥感解译确定溃决点特征，结合泥沙修正系数和溃坝模型构建了堵塞体溃决口及下游系列断面流量放大计算模型，通过物理实验及数值模拟结果对溃决型泥石流的动力运动过程展开分析，得出堵塞体不同的失稳模式。上述研究成果将会提升人类对溃决型泥石流的认知水平，为今后该类型泥石流的监测预警工作提供科学依据。