厚壁毛竹鞭芽厚壁性状形成的关键期研究及基于转录组测序的相关功能基因鉴定

Bamboo forests play important roles in the economic, social and cultural constructions in our country. Bamboo industry is a sunrise industry of our country. Moso bamboo is one of the best economic bamboo species with largest distribution area, most accumulation on volumes, highest production and best research degree. Phyllostachys edulis 'Pachyloen', a cultivar of moso bamboo, is the only germplasm with obvious thick wall, massive biomass and genetic stability. It owns desirable traits for its wood and shoots. The wall thickness of bamboo is often formed during rhizome buds period. The key period of thick wall character formation can be identified through anatomic studies. Focusing on this particular period for the formation of bamboo wall, we will take rhizome buds during proliferative stages from P. edulis 'Pachyloen', many accessions of other moso bamboo germplasm resources and other bamboo species with thick wood as materials. Based on the achievements of genome sequencing of moso bamboo, we will adopt the next generation of high-throughput sequencing technologies to carry on the transcriptome sequencing research using materials representing three groups of bamboo. Solid bioinformatics methods will be used to identify the differential expression genes(DEG), especially the candidate and key genetic factors responsible for the thick wall forming. Generally, gene expression differences functional annotation, cluster and enrichment analyses, mainly pathway-based analyses and network analyses, non-coding RNA analyses, as well as other useful strategies will be used for subsequent functional genes. Studying the formation and development of the wall of bamboo will provide important theoretical and practical significance for the genetic engineering and improvement of cultivation for bamboo plants, as well as the increasing of productivity for bamboo forests.

毛竹是我国分布面积、蓄积、产值和研究最好的竹种。毛竹栽培变种之一厚壁毛竹（Phyllostachys edulis 'Pachyloen'）是众多毛竹种质中系统评价与利用的一份竹壁显著增厚，生物量大，遗传稳定的新品种，具材用、笋用优良性状。竹壁表型性状通常在鞭芽期即形成。重点对鞭芽发育开展解剖学研究，鉴定厚壁性状形成的关键时期。着眼于该时期，本研究探索厚壁毛竹、普通毛竹，及具有典型厚壁性状的其它竹种3组材料，利用毛竹全基因组测序草图等成果，采用新一代高通量测序技术，对竹壁形成关键期的鞭芽进行转录组全测序。比较3组材料的基因表达差异，进行功能注释和主要代谢途径、非编码RNA等的生物信息学分析，筛选厚壁性状形成的相关功能基因，为后续的功能基因研究奠定基础。研究竹壁生长发育的科学问题，对促进竹子遗传改良，提升竹林培育水平具有重要的科研价值和生产意义。

厚壁毛竹（Phyllostachys edulis 'Pachyloen'）是自上世纪九十年代以来，本课题一直坚守研究的毛竹优异新品种，其竹壁特厚是我们重点关心的首要种质性状。. 根据课题组业已积累的厚壁毛竹年生长节律规律，运用比较转录组研究的方法，从2014年开始，分别采集了9-5月自然月的20日（个别月份前后一、两天）的厚壁毛竹，和同一生长环境中的毛竹笋芽作为试验材料。. 在厚壁毛竹笋芽的形成、发育与分化进程中，测定了其转录组（RNA-seq），维管组织、髓的发育解剖，纤维素、（1→3,1→4)－β－D－葡聚糖等细胞化学物质、ATP酶、过氧化物酶、纤维素合成酶等酶学活性、Ca2+信号传导物，期望来共同指证厚壁毛竹厚壁性状形成的关键时期。. 经过一年的艰辛工作，汇集了22.8G的海量数据，根本无法一一具体展示。已经撰写并投稿、接收了的3篇直接或与之具有密切关联学的术论文分别是：《厚壁毛竹六个节气笋芽发育的转录组分析》、《竹子基因报告（~2014）》、《经济树种全基因组测序成果要报》，预计还有2~3篇学术论文发表。2014年，课题组新获得的一项国家自然科学基金“厚壁毛竹种质性状成因的全基因组扫描（项目编号:31470025）”面上项目。. 目前，正在深入分析厚壁毛竹与毛竹的笋芽发育差异表达基因（DEGs），寻找生物验证途径。2015年拟根据基因表达差异情况，进行生理反溯研究。