Wolbachia are extremely common facultative symbiont found in insect pests, and this bacterial symbiont have been well known to play an important role in the evolution of insects. Besides the main function as reproductive manipulators, Wolbachia has also been demonstrated to protect their host against RNA viruses which can cause diseases in Dipteran insect pests. We have found that protection against insecticides provided by Wolbachia in Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) depend on the chemicals, and we also found that Wolbachia increased the heat tolerance in L. striatellus. Based on the above, in order to reveal the diversity of Wolbachia-mediated protection in planthoppers, we investigate the impact of more Wolbachia srtains on their susceptibility to insecticides or insect pathogens, and on their tolerance to heat or frost stress, and at the same time, we also study the association of the ability to resist the chemicals or pathogens and heat stress with infection of Wolbachia among many field population of planthoppers, and then we evaluate the dynamics of Wolbachia in the host under the consistent pressure of insecticide selection or pathogen exposure et al. After that, we compare the difference in the density and tissue tropism of Wolbachia strains with protection roles, and the genetic difference of the Wolbachia strains. All the results will not only be beneficial to under the evolutionary relation between host and symbiont, but also help us to explore new methods to control the insect pests.
共生菌Wolbachia在昆虫中广泛存在,是昆虫进化的重要动力。现已发现其普遍对宿主生殖具有调控作用,以及在双翅目昆虫中对病毒等的保护作用。不过,Wolbachia是否还存在其它的保护宿主功能及保护机理等都值得研究。申请者前期研究发现灰飞虱中Wolbachia改变了其对化学药剂的敏感性,提高了宿主抗高温能力。在此基础上,本项目将进一步系统研究Wolbachia各种株系对褐飞虱和灰飞虱抗化学药剂、杀虫细菌以及高低温等抗逆能力的影响,同时研究稻飞虱各田间种群中Wolbachia的感染水平与抗逆能力的关系,探明稻飞虱单感Wolbachia品系在持续的杀虫剂选择等逆境压力下对Wolbachia的影响,以明确Wolbachia对宿主保护功能的多样性,进而研究具有不同保护功能的Wolbachia株系在宿主不同组织中的分布和种群密度,以及它们的遗传差异等,最终揭示Wolbachia对宿主昆虫的保护机理。
昆虫中普遍存在共生菌,两者在长期共生过程中形成了相互依赖、相互影响和协同进化的关系。共生菌Wolbachia在昆虫中广泛存在,是昆虫进化重要动力。现已发现其普遍对宿主生殖具有调控作用,以及在双翅目昆虫中对病毒等的保护作用。Wolbachia是否还存在其它的保护宿主功能?其保护机理又如何?本项目首先明确了灰飞虱江苏南京(NJ)、丰县(FX)、如皋(RG)、云南楚雄(CX)等7个种群共生菌感染种类存在差异,但株系间未发现不同, Wolbachia均属于B群Con亚群wStri株系,多位点序列分型(MLST)也无差异。灰飞虱Wolbachia CX 株系能够显著提高FX和NJ灰飞虱品系抗噻嗪酮能力,Wolbachia RG 株系、FX株系和NJ株系均能显著提高RG灰飞虱品系抗噻嗪酮能力。由此明确了灰飞虱体内Wolbachia可以提高宿主对化学药剂的抵抗力,但受Wolbachia株系和灰飞虱遗传背景的共同影响。此外,亦发现灰飞虱感染Wolbachia可在一定程度上提高其对杀虫细菌粘质沙雷氏菌的抵抗力,也提高宿主对捕食性天敌的抵抗力。Wolbachia还影响宿主抗高低温能力,其削弱或提高抗高低温能力同样受共生菌株系和宿主遗传背景的共同影响。Wolbachia感染可以提高灰飞虱的抗逆能力,实现对宿主的保护作用。.Wolbachia在灰飞虱自然种群中广泛存在,各种群均能稳定感染Wolbachia,感染率保持100%。而Wolbachia在褐飞虱自然种群中没有广泛存在,南京等9个地理种群中感染率均较低,且不能稳定存在。.Wolbachia调节灰飞虱抗逆性与体内保护酶和解毒酶活性以及P450相关基因表达相关。去除Wolbachia后,FX的总超氧化物歧化酶SOD和过氧化物酶POD活性均降低,羧酸酯酶CarE活性和微粒体多功能氧化酶MFO亦降低。CYP6P等9个P450基因的表达量比较发现,CYP6CW1基因在如皋种群感染Wolbachia RG株系时显著上调,在其他品系中均未见显著变化,其他P450基因上调也有下调,但未表现出明显的株系或宿主种群相关性,表明大部分P450基因与Wolbachia提高灰飞虱对噻嗪酮抗药性没有显著相关性。.研究结果不仅丰富了宿主-共生菌协同进化理论,而且有利于形成基于削弱稻飞虱体内Wolbachia保护功能的防控新思路和途径,亦具有潜在的应用价值。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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