开放式三维实时数字图像相关计算软件开发

Digital image correlation (DIC) is currently the most active and powerful optical technique in experimental mechanics, and has been fully researched and widely used. Based on DIC, foreign companies have developed some commercial software and dominated the domestic market of China. However, there is yet no similar product in China. The applicant's group activity focuses on the optical techniques in experimental mechanics, and has developed a software product for three-dimensional (3D) DIC measurements. Its accuracy, speed, and the other functions are as similar as the VIC-3D software which developed by CSI. Based on this work, this project focuses on the development of open software for real-time 3D DIC measurements, especially solves the two scientific problems: how to achieve real-time calculation but not reducing accuracy, and how to design the open software. Meanwhile, a multi camera system with 8 cameras to achieve 360 measurement will also be studied for civil engineering. Based on the standardized modular function design and the public functions interfaces, the sharing and the co-construction of the open software could be achieved in the experts of experimental mechanics. Through the collective strength, competitive real-time 3D DIC software would be developed rapidly, and therefore brings great social value and economic benefit.

数字图像相关法是当前最活跃、最有生命力的光测实验技术，已被充分研究和广泛应用。国外多家公司纷纷开发了基于该算法的商业计算软件，并垄断了国内市场。我国尚无同类产品可与之抗衡。申请人所在课题组长期开展光测实验力学研究，已开发了一套三维数字图像相关计算软件，该软件在计算精度、速度方面与美国CSI公司的VIC-3D产品相当，其它常规软件功能也十分接近。本项目是该工作的进一步深入和完善，以开发"开放式三维实时数字图像相关计算软件"为目标，主要研究在三维变形测量中"如何实现不降低精度前提下的实时计算"和"如何设计开放式的相关计算软件"两个科学问题，同时，针对土木工程应用，研究基于8台相机的全方位变形测量技术。本项目拟通过标准化、模块化的功能设计和充分开放的公用函数接口，实现同行专家科研成果的共享与共建，通过汇聚集体的力量，快速形成有竞争力的国产三维数字图像相关计算软件，具有广阔的社会价值和经济效益。

数字图像相关是当前最活跃、最有生命力的光测实验技术，已被充分研究和广泛应用。本项目立足于开发具有全部知识产权的商用级国产数字图像相关计算软件，经过4年的研究开发，已实现全部预期成果。在基础理论研发方面，(1) 针对散斑图像采集，研究了插值偏差、噪声引入偏差和随机误差，并据此推导了数字图像相关总误差的解析表达形式，提出了完备的散斑质量评价标准。(2) 针对图像相关匹配，提出了一种基于二阶形函数的反向组合型算法，提出了一种设置间隔的整像素搜索方法，使相关计算效率提升了4~10倍，初步实现了实时相关计算。(3) 针对三维应变计算，推导了形函数和曲面拟合函数欠匹配导致的位移和应变系统误差，提出了一种通过不同子区尺寸下的位移场预估位移测量误差的方法。在行业应用研究方面，(1) 首次用DIC-3D实验观测并分析了5456铝合金的PLC效应。(2) 基于优化的DIC-3D散斑点跟踪方法，研制了针对颅颌面手术的导航系统样机，实现了手术实时导航跟踪需求。(3) 搭建了基于8台相机的360°全方位变形测量系统，并应用于土木测量。在学术成果方面，标注本项目的期刊论文24篇，其中：SCI/EI收录论文18篇，第一标注论文6篇，第二标注论文2篇，第三标注论文9篇；授权发明专利1项；授权软件著作权1项；累计参加国际国内学术会议11人次。在行业应用推广方面，已在中国科大、东南大学、金风科技、上飞院等20余家科研院所中使用，取得了丰硕的应用成果，建立了良好的行业影响力。