基于动态可行域聚合的虚拟电厂市场运行理论与方法

With the rapid development and grid-connected operation of large-scale distributed energy resources, the passive response schema of virtual power plants (VPPs) as price-takers participating in the electricity market can be hardly applied. How to aggregate massive demand side resources (DSRs) and form an active transaction schema compatible with the existing electricity market bidding has become a key problem in the market operation of VPPs. Therefore, this proposal presents the theory and method of VPP market operation based on dynamic feasible region (DFR) aggregation. The DFR aggregation theory is proposed to accurately identify the equivalent feasible region of VPP aggregating massive spatial-temporal coupled and distinguished operational characteristics of DSRs. In order to obtain the segmented bidding curve of VPPs, the typical operation curve extraction method based on machine learning is investigated, the parameter sensitivity of the first-order optimal condition is explored, and the cost function of VPPs in the segmented bidding interval is theoretically deduced. Taking the standard market model of traditional power plants as reference, this proposal studies the effectiveness of simplifying the VPP complex model with DFR and piecewise bidding function, and constructs the unified optimization clearing model of electricity market incorporating VPPs. Hopefully, this proposal can accurately depict the DFR of VPPs, and provide theoretical basis for the market-oriented operation of VPPs, thereby promoting the orderly development of DER industry technology, and supporting the steady progress of China's electricity market construction.

随着大规模分布式能源的快速发展与并网运行，虚拟电厂作为价格接受者参与市场的被动响应模式已难以适用。如何聚合海量需求侧资源、形成与现有电力市场竞价对称兼容的主动交易模式，成为虚拟电厂市场化运行的关键难题。为此，本项目提出基于动态可行域聚合的虚拟电厂市场运行理论与方法。研究动态可行域聚合理论，精准辨识虚拟电厂聚合海量时空耦合、运行特性各异的需求侧资源的等值可行域；为获取虚拟电厂的分段竞价曲线，研究基于机器学习的典型运行曲线提取方法，探索一阶最优性条件的参数灵敏度，理论推导虚拟电厂在分段竞价区间中的成本函数；以传统发电厂标准市场模型为参照，研判以动态可行域和分段竞价函数简化虚拟电厂复杂模型的有效性，构建计及虚拟电厂等多元主体的电力市场统一优化出清模型。期待本项目能够精准刻画虚拟电厂的动态可行域，为虚拟电厂的市场化运行提供理论基础，促进分布式能源产业技术的有序发展，支撑我国电力市场建设的稳步推进。

随着大规模分布式能源的快速发展与并网运行，虚拟电厂作为价格接受者参与市场的被动响应模式已难以适用。如何聚合海量需求侧资源、形成与现有电力市场竞价对称兼容的主动交易模式，成为虚拟电厂市场化运行的关键难题。为此，本项目提出基于动态可行域聚合的虚拟电厂市场运行理论与方法。.本项目提出了一种基于伞约束辨识的虚拟电厂的可行域投影等值方法。通过高维空间向低维空间的聚合等值理论，提出虚拟电厂聚合需求侧资源形成动态可行域的理论与方法，并采用基于伞约束的可行域有效边界辨识理论，削减可行域的冗余约束，为高效率、高精度地刻画虚拟电厂对外等值特性提供理论基础。.采用多参数线性规划理论构建虚拟电厂聚合模型并描述交互电量与运行成本、边际成本之间的输入输出关系。基于投影等值得到交互功率参数可行域，针对可行域内任一给定初始参数求解其所在临界域，基于线性规划问题的强对偶原理处理对偶问题并得到临界域对应的总成本函数与边际成本。.研究虚拟电厂主动申报可行域和竞价曲线的主动交易模式，形成与现有电力市场对称兼容的统一出清体系。提出了计及虚拟电厂等多元主体的电力市场统一出清模式，以充分发挥虚拟电厂提升现有电力市场灵活性的价值。.相比主流的多参数线性规划和经典的顶点搜索法，生成可行域计算时间分别缩短80%和95%以上，广泛探索海量异构分布式能源聚合等值、锂电池/电解制氢阵列聚合外特性刻画、区域电力系统联络线可行域建模、机组组合或电力系统规划起作用约束辨识等应用场景。.项目研究期间，发表论文22篇，其中SCI检索11篇，EI检索10篇；授权或申请国家发明专利7项；获省部级三等奖1项、日内瓦国际发明展金奖1项。