非接触磁感应检测颅内压关键技术研究

The study of key techniques detecting intracranial pressure with non-contact magnetic induction is proposed to solve a problem that it is not convenient to use contact electrodes for monitoring intracranial pressure in some patients like severe brain trauma, burn patient, infectious diseases, skin diseases and so on. The techniques closely combine with dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral blood flow, dielectric and electric properties of biological tissues and principles of electromagnetic induction. Based on our previous study the contents of this project include five parts. First the relations between the intracranial pressure detected with the techniques and the real intracranial pressure is going to be built, and the sensitivity to the earlier pathological changes in brain is going to be analysed and computed with a brain model. Second an rabbit model of cerebral oedame or cerebral bleeding has to be formed and have a good reliability for animal experiments. Next an experimental setup based on the techniques has to be developed with the high sensitivity of phase detection and good performance of eliminating electromagnetic interference. Fourthly the sensitivity frequency ranges are going to be taken through animal experiments. Signal processing, pattern recognition and statistic analysis are going to be studied for monitoring intracranial pressure with this technique. Finally we has to make the comparison between the techniques and the traditional method for monitoring intracranial pressure and find the correlativity between the techniques and the traditional method in the pathological mechanism. The principle of the key techniques will be provided to develop a new type of intracranial pressure monitor.

针对临床重型颅脑伤、严重烧伤、传染病、皮肤病等患者不便于使用接触电极方法进行颅内压监护的问题，基于颅内压产生的脑脊液和脑血流动力学机制、生物组织介电特性和电磁感应原理，提出非接触磁感应检测颅内压关键技术研究。本课题拟在已有研究基础上，建立非接触磁感应检测颅内压与实际颅内压的定量关系，研究该方法早期检测颅内病变的敏感性；以大白兔为研究对象，建立可靠的脑水肿或脑出血的动物实验模型；研究磁感应检测颅内压实验装置，重点解决高灵敏度相位检测和抗电磁干扰问题；通过动物实验，筛选敏感的检测特征频谱，研究非接触磁感应检测颅内压信号的处理、分析和特征识别方法；比较与传统颅内压的相关性和特殊性，建立明确的病理生理对应关系。通过该项目的研究，为研制新的颅内压监护装置提供技术基础。

脑脊液代偿期颅内压与磁感应相位移关系的理论推导；由实验数据研究颅内压和磁感应相位移关系；实验证明磁感应相位移检测脑出血的早期敏感性比颅内压高；磁感应相位移检测传感器装置研究；磁感应相位移测量系统的建立；脑水肿检测系统软件；冷冻脑水肿动物实验模型建立；脑水肿磁感应相位移检测的特征频谱研究；脑水肿磁感应相位移信号处理、分析和特征识别研究；采用磁共振扫描的方法探讨脑脊液对磁感应相位移检测的影响；针对MIPS检测巴马香猪脑出血实验，建立激励、检测、动脉血压、颅内压、心电图五通道同步高速数据采集系统；基于NI的PXI系列硬件系统平台构建磁感应相位移检测颅内压的实验装置；家兔正常生理状态的磁感应相位移特征频谱测量研究；家兔脑出血状态脑脊液代偿期的磁感应相位移特征频谱测量；脑水肿时反射参数和传输参数的磁感应相位移谱特征；脑缺血时反射参数和传输参数的磁感应相位移谱特征；家兔脑缺血磁感应相位移谱测量与激光多谱勒测量对比的实验研究；脑出血检测的磁感应相位移参数特征的组合评估方法；脑出血术后患者磁感应相位移、颅内压和CT检测的临床观察结果。. 该研究明确磁感应相位移变化的早期生理机制，揭示磁感应相位移测量预警脑出血和脑水肿能够早于颅内压的基础；确定磁感应相位移早期敏感性的定量指标，为临床应用建立基础；总结发现磁感应相位移谱频带的主要影响因素、决定磁感应相位移谱特征的原因以及 脑出血、脑缺血和脑水肿的相位移谱的初步特征，为优化设计、提高性能和适应临床需要提供基础；为可靠、稳定、可重复的脑出血严重程度估计方法提供理论和实验依据；初步证明磁感应相位移谱检测在复杂临床病变情况下的可行性。