跨座式单轨列车走行轮轮胎偏磨机理及控制方法研究

As a new urban rail transit system ,Straddle-type monorail train begain popular around China. Because of the multi-wheel bogie,the structural feature of over constraint,and the track featural of small curvature and multicurve,the Straddle-type monorail train's running wheels are badly worn on the shoulders,so that we must replace tires frequently, and cost much on maintenance,and we must research on the principle of shoulder wear and the control method of running wheels immediately .The project is aimed to reduce Straddle-type monorail train's shoulder wear of running tire.In the coupling dynamics category between monorail vehicle and track beam, the establishment of equivalent test system and virtual test system will be researched, the coupling dynamics model of monorail vehicle , the relation model of wheel and rail ,and the model of tire wear will be established. We will analysis how parameters from vehicles, rail geometry and vehicle-rail contact affect the running wheel side abrarion. This model of running wheel side abrarion affect factor provides a system for evaluation of the running wheel side abrarion, the mechanism of running wheel's wearing will be revealed, the impact factors model of running wheel's shoulder wear will be got, the evaluation system of running wheel's shoulder wear will be built. Coordinative matching of parameters from vehicles, rail geometry and vehicle-rail contact is studied. We conclude a parameter set of conformation and characterization of an 'ideal running surface' for a curved rail bridge. In this way we introduce the theory and technique of vehicle-rail system parameter coordination matching for reduction of running wheels side abrarion. It provides basis theory and method supportis for the Straddle-type monorail vehicle and bogie independent research and development.

跨座式单轨交通作为新型的城市轨道交通制式，正在我国陆续推广应用。跨座式单轨车辆转向架多轮系、过约束的结构特征和小曲率弯道多的轨道线路特征，造成车辆走行轮轮胎偏磨严重，轮胎更换频繁，维护费用巨大，迫切需要开展走行轮轮胎偏磨机理及控制方法研究。本项目将以降低跨座式单轨车辆走行轮轮胎偏磨为目标，在单轨"车辆-轨道梁"系统耦合动力学的范畴内，研究等效试验系统和仿真技术，建立单轨车辆空间耦合动力学模型、轮轨关系模型和轮胎磨耗模型，分析车辆参数、轨道几何参数、轮轨接触参数等对走行轮轮胎偏磨的影响及规律，揭示走行轮轮胎偏磨机理，获取走行轮轮胎偏磨影响因子模型，构建走行轮轮胎偏磨评价体系；研究车辆参数、轨道几何参数和车轨接触参数的协调匹配关系，提出曲线轨道梁"理想走行曲面"的构形及表征参数，形成降低走行轮轮胎偏磨的车轨系统参数协调匹配理论与方法，为跨座式单轨车辆及转向架自主研发提供基础理论和方法支持。

跨座式单轨交通作为新型城市轨道交通制式，正在我国陆续推广应用。运营发现，跨座式单轨车辆走行轮轮胎偏磨严重、更换频繁，造成维护费用高，迫切需要开展走行轮轮胎偏磨机理及控制方法研究。..本项目以降低走行轮轮胎偏磨为目标，在“车辆-轨道梁”系统耦合动力学范畴内，根据走行机理相同、结构相似、动力学原理相同原则，制作了跨座式单轨车辆和轨道梁的比例模型，研究和构建了单轨"车辆-轨道梁"相互动态耦合作用的仿真技术与等效试验系统；从动力学角度，研究建立了包含车辆动力学模型和走行轮与顶部轨面、稳定轮与侧部轨面、导向轮与侧部轨面等三个接触间的轮轨关系模型的车辆空间耦合系统动力学模型；利用有限元方法,建立了轮轨接触摩擦模型、走行轮胎有限元模型及磨损模型。..项目分析了车辆参数、轨道几何参数、轮轨接触参数等对走行轮轮胎偏磨的影响规律，发现造成走行轮轮轨接触区剪切力分布不均的主要原因是车辆曲线通过时走行轮胎所产生的侧倾与侧偏，车、轨等参数通过影响走行轮侧倾角与侧偏角的大小进而影响走行轮轮胎偏磨损程度，从而揭示了走行轮轮胎的偏磨机理。..项目推导了车辆走行轮偏磨因子、胎面横向摩擦功率密度和摩擦功偏度值计算公式，分析了走行轮胎前后行波频率差与走行轮偏磨损之间的关系，建立了走行轮轮胎偏磨损影响因子模型和定性评估给定车辆设计方案的走行轮胎偏磨损大小的因子得分方法，形成了走行轮轮胎偏磨损评价体系。研究提出了基于因子分析法的走行轮轮胎偏磨损控制方法、基于支持向量机的走行轮轮胎偏磨损控制方法、基于改进型遗传算法的走行轮轮胎偏磨损控制方法、基于轨道走行面曲率参数的走行轮轮胎偏磨损控制方法、基于理想走行面的走行轮轮胎偏磨损控制方法和基于胎体结构优化设计的走行轮轮胎偏磨损控制方法等六种跨座式单轨车辆走行轮胎偏磨损控制方法。项目研究结果对指导车辆优化设计、降低走行轮胎偏磨损具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。