枇杷内生木霉P3.9菌株定殖与枇杷根腐病发生关系研究

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is one of the characteristic fruit trees in Yunnan Province. Annual product income of loquat fruits was over 10 billion dollars. Loquat root rot caused by Pestalotiopsis microspora is soil-borne root rot disease. This is a new loquat disease. The incidence of loquat root rot was over 40%. The characteristic agriculture will face disastrous destruction. Endophytic Trichoderma atroviride P3.9 strain from loquat was independently possesed intellectual property.It effectively controled loquat root rot disease by pot experiment. The control effect was reaching 80%.The objectives of this research are to study Colonization of Endophytic Trichoderma P3.9 Strain from Loquat and its Relationship to Loquat Root Rot disease.The main research contents include the following.1）Study on Colonization of Endophytic Trichoderma P3.9 and pathogen of loquat root rot Pestalotiopsis P3.1 strains in rhizosphere soil at different periods. 2）Study on Colonization of Endophytic Trichoderma P3.9 and pathogen of loquat root rot Pestalotiopsis P3.1 strains in root, stem and leaf of loquat at different periods. 3)Test defense enzymes of interaction between loquat and Endophytic Trichoderma P3.9 Strain/and pathogen of loquat root rot Pestalotiopsis P3.1 strains at different periods. 4) Study on loquat transcriptome during colonization of Endophytic Trichoderma P3.9 Strain from loquat in loquat. This project would provide new technical theory for security and sustainable control loquat root rot disease.

枇杷（Eriobotrya japonica）是云南特色水果之一，年产值数十亿。现发现一种由小孢拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis microspora引起的枇杷新病害，属土传根腐病，发病率40%以上。此特色产业处于毁灭的边缘。申请者获得具有独立知识产权的枇杷内生木霉Trichoderma atroviride P3.9菌株，其枇杷根腐病盆栽防效达80%。本项目旨在研究此菌株定殖与枇杷根腐病发生关系。拟开展以下研究工作：1）枇杷生长不同时期木霉P3.9菌株和枇杷根腐病菌P3.1菌株在枇杷根际中的定殖研究；2）枇杷生长不同时期木霉P3.9菌株和病菌P3.1菌株在枇杷树根、茎、叶中的定殖研究；3）枇杷生长不同时期与木霉P3.9菌株/根腐病菌P3.1菌株互作时枇杷防御酶检测；4）枇杷内生木霉P3.9菌株定殖于枇杷树的转录组研究。本项目的研究为枇杷根腐病的安全可持续防控提供新的知识和技术。

枇杷（Eriobotrya japonica）是云南特色水果之一，年产值数十亿。云南枇杷种植基地发生严重根腐病，发病率高达40%以上，此特色产业处于毁灭的边缘。本项目研究枇杷内生木霉P3.9菌株定殖与枇杷根腐病发生关系。开展了以下工作：1）测定枇杷内生木霉P3.9菌株在枇杷根际土壤及植株中的定殖能力；2）高通量测序分析木霉P3.9菌株对枇杷根际土壤微生物多样性及群落组成的影响；3）木霉P3.9菌株与枇杷根腐病菌P3.1菌株互作对枇杷植株各种酶活性的影响；4）木霉P3.9菌株定殖于枇杷根部的转录组研究。获得以下研究成果：1）明确枇杷根腐病由小孢拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis microspora）引起，属土传真菌病害；获得1株能防治枇杷根腐病的枇杷内生木霉P3.9菌株（Trichoderma atroviride），其固液体发酵条件简单，抗菌谱广，枇杷根腐病盆栽防效达80%。2）木霉P3.9菌株能成功定殖于枇杷根际土壤及其植株内，持效期长达75d，其定殖能力不受生长季节影响；此菌株对枇杷根际真菌和细菌多样性无不良影响，反而可以改善有益菌群落物种丰度，减少有害真菌群落物种丰度，对枇杷连作根际土壤有潜在修复作用及肥力提升作用。3）木霉P3.9菌株与枇杷植株互作，促使枇杷根部POD和CL活性增加；木霉P3.9菌株、枇杷根腐病病原菌P3.1菌株与枇杷植株三者互作，促使枇杷根部POD、PAL、β-1,3-GA活性增加，CL和Ch活性不受影响。枇杷根系PAL活性增加能促使水杨酸含量增加，从而启动枇杷根系防御系统，植株获得免疫。4）木霉P3.9菌株与枇杷根系互作，半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸和谷胱甘肽转录本通路表达量上调，意味着枇杷根系抗逆性增强，说明木霉P3.9菌株具有诱导抗性作用，可作为枇杷免疫诱导菌。此研究成果为枇杷根腐病的安全可持续防控提供新的知识和技术。