滨海盐碱地花生丰产抗逆栽培生理及调控途径研究

Study on the effects of soil salt stress on crops and its regulation is one of the most important research subject in modern agricultural development. The coastal saline area of barren soil, salinization, restrict the peanut production and industrial development. The main reason is that the law on the growth and development of coastal saline peanut, yield formation and physiological mechanism is not very clear, the key cultivation technology regulation needs further proof. This project focuses on peanut of high-yield and resistance in coastal saline soils, with salt tolerant varieties and salt sensitive varieties as materials, using laboratory, pot and field test, to clear peanut response characteristics to salt stress, and the physiological and biochemical mechanism of salt tolerance of peanut. Focused on the major limiting factors of peanut production in coastal saline soils, it can reveal the saline rule of growth and development of peanut and ecological environmental factors of spatial and temporal variation characteristics, and analysis of its synergistic effect, and explore the yield formation characteristics of exploration of saline soils in different peanut yield target and elucidate its physiological mechanism. On this basis, from the approaches of control and avoid the salt stress and regulation of Water nutrient deficiency, to establish high-yield and resistance cultivation and regulation techniques of peanut in coastal saline soil, including seedling establishment, and construct rational group, and to promote the prevention and control of premature aging. This study provides an important theoretical basis and technical support for the expansion of peanut production area, the promotion of peanut production capacity and the development of peanut industry.

研究土壤盐分胁迫对农作物的影响及其调控问题是当今农业发展的重要研究课题之一。滨海盐碱区土壤瘠薄、盐渍化严重，制约了花生生产和产业发展。究其原因主要是对滨海盐碱地花生生长发育规律、产量形成规律及生理机制尚不十分清楚，关键栽培调控技术尚需进一步论证。本项目围绕滨海盐碱地花生丰产抗逆的目标，以耐盐品种和盐敏感品种为材料，采用室内、盆栽及大田试验，明确花生对盐胁迫的响应特征，阐明花生耐盐生理生化机制；针对影响滨海盐碱地花生产量提升的主要限制因素，揭示盐碱地花生生长发育规律、生态环境因子时空变化特征，解析其协同效应；探查盐碱地花生不同目标产量下产量形成特征，阐明其生理机制。在此基础上，从控盐、避盐及水分养分调缺角度出发，创建滨海盐碱地花生“促成苗立苗、构建合理群体结构、防早衰”的丰产抗逆栽培调控关键技术。本研究对于滨海盐碱区扩大花生面积、提升花生生产能力和花生产业发展提供了重要的理论依据和技术支撑。

土壤盐化严重制约了粮食生产和农业可持续发展。研究土壤盐分胁迫对农作物的影响及其调控问题是当今农业发展的重要研究课题之一。花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）是重要的油料作物和经济作物。在充分挖掘高产田高产潜力的同时，加大盐碱地的改造与利用，是扩大我国花生种植面积的有效途径之一。滨海盐碱区土壤瘠薄、盐渍化严重，制约了花生生产和产业发展。究其原因主要是对滨海盐碱地花生生长发育规律、产量形成规律及生理机制尚不十分清楚，关键栽培调控技术尚需进一步论证。本项目围绕滨海盐碱地花生丰产抗逆的目标，以耐盐品种和盐敏感品种为材料，采用室内、盆栽及大田试验，分别从花生对盐胁迫的响应特征及耐盐机制、盐碱地花生生长发育规律和生态环境因子时空变化、盐碱地花生丰产抗逆栽培调控途径进行研究。研究结果明确了花生对盐胁迫的响应特征，阐明了花生耐盐生理生化机制；揭示了盐碱地花生生长发育规律与生态环境因子时空变化特征的协同效应；提出了盐碱地花生丰产抗逆栽培调控途径创建了滨海盐碱地花生“促成苗立苗、构建合理群体结构、防早衰”的丰产抗逆栽培调控关键技术。本研究为耐盐花生品种培育及花生盐碱地栽培调控技术体系的建立提供了科学依据，对于滨海盐碱区扩大花生面积、提升花生生产能力和花生产业发展提供了重要的理论依据和技术支撑。