基于软物质理论的半柔性路面混合料颗粒迁移与致灾机理研究

Semi-flexible pavement is one of the hotspots in the current road engineering research, and the study of road disaster mechanism is on the rise. The subject using the effect of soft matter which is in the outside world is in the small extend of temperature and external forces have a small effect and have a significant macro effect in a macroscopic fashion, what is called small impact led to the effect of large features. Through the theory of soft material, sovling the problem of road disaster mechanism research and strive to using it to semi-flexible pavement field. On the granular flow theory is established, the characteristics of particle migration of semi - flexible pavement mixture were analyzed by means of light scattering experiment and X-CT and electronic probe SEM. The temperature stability of semi - flexible pavement mixture was analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), TGA measurement and others tested research pavement performance. Though analyzing particle migration ,the basic mechanical properties of the semi - flexible pavement mixture, the high temperature stability , the deformation cracking mechanism and the response of the pavement structure under the load are achieved by the discrete element particle flow software. Using the jamming theory to build Jamming phase diagram about density, temperature and stress in semi - flexible pavement mixture and analyze the relationship between particle migration ,density and temperature and discuss the relationship between particle migration and pavement damage, then analyze the mechanism of deformation and fracture. This subject may provide technical support for standard design of semi-flexible pavement design and construction, and provide new thinking for enriching and perfecting the research theory of semi-flexible pavement.

半柔性路面是当前道路工程研究的热点之一，路面致灾机理研究正在兴起。本课题利用软物质在外界包括温度和外力等有微小的作用下,会产生显著的宏观效果，即小的影响导致大效果的特征，把软物质理论引入路面灾害机理研究中，力求对半柔性路面发展有所作用。引入颗粒流理论，利用光散射实验、X-CT、SEM等手段分析半柔性路面混合料颗粒迁移的特征。利用差示量热扫描（DSC）、TGA 测量等手段分析半柔性路面混合料温度稳定性。利用离散元颗粒流软件分析颗粒迁移引起半柔性路面混合料的基本力学性能的改变、高温稳定性和变形开裂机理以及荷载作用下路面结构响应。应用Jamming理论建立半柔性路面混合料中密度、温度和应力的Jamming相图，分析颗粒迁移与密度、温度的关系，探讨颗粒迁移与路面变形破坏的关系，分析变形破坏产生的机理。为半柔性路面的设计、施工等标准制定提供技术支持，为丰富和完善半柔性路面的研究理论提新思维。

半柔性路面是一种刚柔相济的新型路面，兼具有沥青路面柔性好、抗裂能力强、无接缝和水泥混凝土路面刚性大、承载能力强、抗车辙性能好的优点。通过光散射实验、电子探针SEM、利用差示量热扫描（DSC）等试验手段对半柔性路面性能、致灾机理进行试验，利用软物质理论、损伤力学、灰色理论等理论方法对试验数据进行分析，取得如下结论：.1. 将软物质系统性质控制因素之一的力学变量（外界剪切应力）用应变代替，同时将温度、密度、流值作为沥青混合料系统的jamming相图的三个主要控制因素，建立了半柔性路面密度与流值的二维jamming相图。根据jamming相图得到良好水稳定性和高温稳定性的水泥-乳化沥青混合料的最优配合比为：水泥砂浆量9%，AC-16矿料合成级配，乳化沥青用量8.2%，外加水用量2.72%。.2. 建立了半柔性路面在不同类型酸雨腐蚀下损伤演变方程，并利用损伤方程对不同类型酸雨腐蚀后半柔性路面水稳定性能损伤变量的理论值与实际试验值进行对比，结果误差很小，为定量化评价致灾机理打下了良好基础。.3. 确立了半柔性路面大空隙母体沥青混合料最佳配合比，分别进行沥青用量为2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%的沥青混合料进行析漏试验和飞散试验，最后得出 20%、23%、25%空隙率下的最佳油石比分别为 2.75%、2.9%、3.1%。.4. 冷拌灌注式半柔性路面混合料最佳配合比设计为：阳离子乳化沥青用量为6.6%，矿粉用量为沥青用量的80%。最后得到空隙率为23%，,冷拌阳离子母体乳化沥青混合料的最佳沥青用量为3.8%（相应阳离子乳化沥青用量为6.6%），最佳矿粉用量为沥青用量的80%。.5. 获得了多种材料在半柔性路面中应用数据，通过对地聚物砂浆、再生沥青混合料、钨矿渣砂浆等在半柔性路面中的应用，初步掌握各种混合料配合比与半柔性路面性能的关系，为半柔性路面的推广应用提供了试验依据。