伊迪卡拉纪瓮会生物群的种群间相互关系及生态学研究

Increasing attention, recently, is paid to the study on the co-evolution between organisms and environment in the Ediacaran; and there have been few studies on the relationship between populations that is considered a core problem in modem ecology. The Ediacaran Wenghui biota (including abundant and diverse macroscopic algae, metazoans and ichnofossils) from black shales of the upper Doushantuo Formation in Jiangkou, northeastern Guizhou, was believed to be buried in situ or nearby their living places. The previous researches have laid a better foundation in paleontology and paleoecology (e.g., the characteristics, features and properties of this biota) for further study on this biota. At both meter and centimeter scales in this geological section, the abundance and diversity of the populations in this biota, are obviously positive correlation, and the macro-organisms and environment (esp., the redox condition) display distinctly differentiation and succession. Based on the previous studies and a large number of the re-collected fossils, this project intends to paleoecologically study on the relationship between populations of this Ediacaran biota mainly by the living resources (esp., sunlight) and space. Combining with the paleoecologic and geochemical analysis at millimeter and centimeter scales, the project attempts to discuss on this Ediacaran paleoecosystem that was constructed by organisms and environment, and to uncover the correlation between organisms and environment (esp., oxygen) in their mutual response and co-evolution.

近年来，伊迪卡拉纪的生物群以及生物与环境协同演化研究倍受关注，而被视为现生生态学中核心基础问题的生物种群间相互关系却少有研究。黔东北伊迪卡拉系陡山沱组上部黑色页岩中产出的、原地或近原地埋藏的“瓮会生物群”（包括丰富的宏体藻类、后生动物和遗迹化石）。该生物群在面貌、性质以及生态特征等方面已有良好的研究基础，在米级和厘米级精度剖面上，宏体化石种群之间在丰度和分异度存在着明显的正相关性，同时宏体生物和环境条件（主要为氧化-还原条件）均呈现出明显的继承性和差异性。本项目拟在前人研究和大量化石标本再采集的基础上，借鉴现代现生生态学的研究方法，从化石种群分类和生态以及定量或半定量的研究方法入手，研究伊迪卡拉纪宏体生物在以生活资源（特别是阳光）和空间关系为主的种群间相互关系；并结合生态学和地球化学在毫米或厘米级剖面精度上探讨这一时期生物与环境（特别是氧）共同构建的生态系统以及其响应和协同演化的关系。

埃迪卡拉纪是生物演化过程中的一个重要时期，展现了一次以丰度和分异度为特征的生物辐射性演化。运用形态参数的统计和分析，在传统形态学研究的基础上，丰富了这一时期的生物多样性（新建2个新属和新种），研究黔东北地区瓮会生物群中一些宏体藻类的个体生态，探讨后生动物Eoandromeda的个体生态以及其与宏体藻类之间的相关性，揭示了宏体藻类和Eoandromeda种群的生活空间、生活方式、死亡埋藏、以及与它们种群间的相互关系。探讨和研究前寒武纪宏体藻类的髓部组织和外部组织，认为宏体藻类的髓部组织在埃迪卡拉纪已出现。对宏体藻类的固着器的组织构成、形态特征、生物功能、学术术语、形态分类、以及其演化发展等方面进行了探索性的研究。另外，探讨了成冰纪海洋的生物地球化学循环、奥陶系五峰组黑色页岩的沉积环境、泥盆纪F-F生物绝灭事件、以及三叠纪海洋爬行类生物群等与瓮会生物群有相似的环境或事件。发表论文14篇（其中10篇SCI）。