流域生态水资源代谢理论与方法研究

Along with the stress resulting from increasing population and urbanization, the natural water cycle of watershed ecosystem has been severely and constantly disturbed, which directly causes eco-environmental problems such as water resource shortage and water quality pollution. In pursuit of an explicit management of water use system, the accounting and evaluation of watershed ecological water resources have become hot issues at both regional and international levels. The concept of metabolism has been introduced into sustainable water system assessment in the last two decades. Whereas this concept is both important as a metaphor and as a methodological tool, most metabolism-oriented studies have focused on the material input or output magnitude by treating a system as a "black box" with little consideration on the water flow structure and efficiency within the metabolizing system, which is incompatible for a penetrating and all-sided evaluation and management framework for ecological water resources. In this study, we develop a comprehensive metabolism-based evaluation framework for watershed ecological water resources by drawing on ecosystem metabolism theory. First, we identify the dynamic structure of the water resource system based on water recycling and eco-hydrological processes, and identify the metabolism traits of watershed ecosystem water, on whose basis the metabolic network model of watershed water resources can be established. Second, we conduct an overall accounting for ecological water resources according to the framework of the developed model, through which the exergy values of watershed water resources use are determined. We further analyze the multi-scale metabolic scenarios of watershed ecological water resources. Third, we develop a comprehensive sustainable water use evaluation system based on ecological network analysis in order to achieve a systematical simulation and evaluation of the metabolic processes of the water use system. Based on this evaluation system, we are capable of forming an ecological water metabolism -based dispatching mode for watershed water use, which provides a sound theoretical basis and methodological support for rational watershed ecosystem management and sustainable water resources allocation. Finally, we take the Yellow River basin as a case study by simulating and evaluating the metabolic processes of its ecological water resources, built on which we propose an informed and rational water resources allocation scheme considering both ecological and economic benefits, thus faciliating the coordinated development between social, economic and ecological aspects of the river basin.

随着人口的增长和社会经济的快速发展,流域生态系统的水资源自然循环受到持续和重度干扰，水资源短缺等问题日益严重。本研究立足于生态系统代谢理论，建立流域生态水资源代谢分析评价框架。首先辨识流域水资源系统动力结构，基于系统水循环和生态水文过程，辨识流域生态系统水资源代谢特征，建立流域水资源代谢网络模型。根据模型框架界定生态水资源，进一步计算流域水资源可用量，分析流域生态水资源多尺度代谢情景，构建基于生态网络分析的水资源可持续利用综合评价体系，系统模拟与评价流域生态水资源系统代谢过程，形成基于生态水资源代谢的优化调度模式，为流域生态系统管理和水资源科学配置提供理论依据和方法论支撑。最后，以黄河干流流域为案例，模拟和评价其生态水资源代谢过程,科学、合理地提出综合考虑生态效益和经济效益的水资源配置方案，为流域社会、经济和生态的协调发展提供科学支撑。

近年来随着城市化、产业化进程的加速，使得水资源供需矛盾日益突出，严重制约了社会经济的发展，而城市群在发展模式上简单粗放，更加剧了流域生态环境的恶化。流域水资源的开发和利用问题主要表现在以下几个方面：（1）经济生活用水过量，生态用水供给不足；（2）用水结构失衡，水资源利用效率较低。在此背景下，探索新环境下的水资源演变规律，提高水资源利用效率和优化水资源配置，解决日益严重的水资源短缺问题，已成为实现水资源保护和流域可持续发展的重要议题。.本课题选取典型干旱区流域为案例研究区，以流域水资源系统动力结构为切入点，对实际水资源系统进行概化，辨识各个水资源消耗节点的代谢过程与机制，构建流域生态水资源代谢的生态网络模型，在水资源循环的网络模型基础上建立了流域生态水资源可持续利用综合评价体系，进行水资源代谢的多情景分析，确定优化流域水资源综合利用的调整方案，实现流域水资源可持续利用与管理。基于案例流域，1）分析了流域水资源的社会经济水循环全过程，提出流域生态水资源代谢评价理论与方法；2）构建流域水资源代谢网络模型，量化代谢系统的直接-间接作用和循环-累积效应，形成流域水资源可持续利用评价体系；3）构建多尺度模拟干旱区流域水资源代谢过程，提出水资源可持续利用优化方案。.依托本项目研究成果，获得高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖（自然科学）二等奖（排名第1，名称“资源可用能核算理论与方法研究”），研究成果主要以论文和会议报告形式在国内外发表。本项目已在国内外权威杂志上发表有关此方面的研究论文59篇，其中，以第一或通讯作者在JCR 1区环境生态管理类期刊发表论文40篇，并主办2期SCI特刊。依托该项目，目前已培养5名博士研究生及4名硕士研究生，获得专利4项。