分布式电驱动汽车新构型及多维优化控制理论研究

The distributed driven electric vehicles employ multiple motor driven systems. The motor volume and weight are reduced, and the arrangement scheme is optimized. The proposed system effectively achieves the electronic chassis and improves the driving performance and the active safety of vehicle. In short ,The distributed driven electric vehicles represents a main direction of electric automotive technology for future vehicles. The drawbacks of in-wheel/near-wheel motor driven systems are the high performance requirements for motor, the complexity of the control method and the expensive cost of manufacture. So, the distributed driven solutions are difficult to achieve extensive applications. Applicant has invented an anti-slip differential electromechanical coupling drive system prototype. This project focus on a new structure and electromechanical couplingcontrol mode for the four-wheels-distributed-driven electric vehicles, and mainly analysis the coupling effect of thermal field, force field and electromagnetic field in the electromechanical coupling device. The system multi-physics field model is established. The working mechanism and principle of system are revealed through the multidisciplinary intersect and fusion research approaches. According to the distributed electric drive characteristics, the project mainly studies applicant‘s multidimensional optimal control framework, and tries to explore a new approach to improve the vehicle driving performance and energy efficiency, ultimately form a complete unified theory system, lay a foundation for the application of results.

电动汽车采用分布式驱动技术可以均衡电机的体积和质量，方便布置，容易实现汽车底盘系统的电子化、主动化，改善车辆的行驶性能和主动安全性，是未来汽车技术发展的重要方向。其技术瓶颈与挑战是目前广泛采用了轮毂/轮边驱动构型方案，该方案控制方法复杂，成本高，轮毂电机非簧载质量大，对电机要求高，导致分布式驱动方案难以实现规模化应用。本项目将在申请人发明的新型双电机机电耦合驱动系统研究基础之上，对双轴全轮分布式驱动电动汽车新构型及动力耦合方式进行深入探索，研究机电耦合装置带来的热场、力场和电磁场耦合效应，建立系统多物理场耦合系统动力学模型，通过多学科交叉融合的研究方法，从不同研究角度揭示系统的工作机理和理论脉络，根据分布式电驱动特点对申请人提出的多维优化控制架构开展理论研究，为提高电动汽车综合性能和能量使用效率找到新的途径，最终形成完整统一的理论研究体系，为成果的应用奠定基础。

本项目提出的双轴全轮分布式驱动电动汽车新构型既能充分发挥分布式驱动在改善整车动力性、操作稳定性以及经济性的优势，又能在复杂工况下实现轮间及轴间的动力耦合，具有很强的推广应用前景。本项目在前期申请人提出的“新型双电机防滑差速驱动桥”发明专利的基础上延伸展开了研究，在分布式电驱动汽车新构型及多维优化控制策略的理论和应用研究方面取得了突破性进展。本项目首先开展了对双轴全轮分布式驱动电动汽车新构型的设计与优化研究，基于试验对比分析结果，提出了面向全工况的基于电磁离合器的分布式电驱动系统构型，提高了耦合系统转矩传递效率，并极大地缩小了动力系统结构。此外，该项目深入研究了基于多维优化控制架构的分布式驱动电动汽车控制理论体系，包括整车数学模型搭建及验证，基于多种滤波方法的联合估计算法的整车关键参数估计，以及面向在线应用的多维优化控制策略研究，仿真结果表明该策略能够实现在极限工况下对车辆的防滑性能、操纵稳定性以及能耗进行优化控制。最后，本项目形成了硬件在环测试—台架测试—实车试验完整的测试平台，并对分布式电驱动汽车新构型及多维优化控制策略的有效性与先进性进行了试验验证与优化。