钻井顶驱用静态密封单体励磁分极式高温超导电机及其控制研究

Drilling top drive system is the key equipment of oil-gas field development since its performance has a direct impact on the safety and efficiency of drilling process. However, the machine equipped on the existing drilling top drive system encounters some drawbacks such as large size, heavy weight and poor reliability. In order to eliminate aforementioned disadvantages, based on the high integration design framework of top drive system, this project combines the design concepts of flux switching principle, single-excitation split-pole design and axial segmental stator structure, and proposes a single-excitation split-pole high temperature superconducting (HTS) machine with stationary seal and its control system which meets the requirements of high torque density, high efficiency, high integration and high reliability. The aim of this project is to develop a superconducting machine with novel topology for drilling top drive. The general methods and theory of the optimization design analysis and performance parameters calculation of the proposed machine will be established. The critical operating conditions and quench prevention mechanism of HTS excitation winding under the effect of multi-physics coupling will be revealed. The closed-loop low-temperature cooling system with reliable operation and compact structure will be constructed. The load identification adaptive control strategy based on drilling load variation will be proposed for drilling drive. These studies will provide theoretical foundation and technical support for the application of proposed drilling top drive system. Meanwhile, it will enrich the research contents for the superconducting machines. This research has not only the important scientific significance and academic value but also a promising application prospect.

钻井顶驱系统作为油气田开发的关键设备，其性能优劣直接影响钻井过程的安全性及高效性。针对钻井顶驱系统所面临的顶驱电机体积大、质量重、可靠性低等问题，本项目在秉承顶驱系统高集成度一体化设计架构的基础上，将磁通切换原理、单体励磁分极设计、轴向定子分段结构等设计理念相融合，提出了一种满足高转矩密度、高效率、高集成度以及高可靠性要求的静态密封单体励磁分极式高温超导电机及其控制系统。本项目旨在开发新颖的钻井顶驱用超导电机拓扑结构；建立该类电机优化设计分析、性能参数计算的一般方法和理论；揭示高温超导励磁绕组在多物理场耦合作用下的超导态运行临界条件及失超预防机理；构建运行可靠、结构紧凑的闭环低温冷却系统；提出基于钻井载荷变化的负载辨识自适应随钻驱动控制策略。本项目的研究将为该类钻井顶驱系统的应用提供理论基础和技术支持，同时也将丰富超导电机研究内容，不仅具有重要的科学意义和学术价值，而且具有广阔的应用前景。

针对钻井顶驱、风力发电、舰船推进用大功率直驱电机所面临的体积大、质量重、可靠性低等问题，国内外学者提出可以将具有高功率密度、高效率等显著优点的超导电机引入上述领域，开发研制单机容量兆瓦级以上的超导电机，以期实现整机轻量化、高效低成本运行。本项目在秉承顶驱系统高集成度一体化设计架构的基础上，将磁场调制原理、单体励磁分极设计、定子分区结构等相融合，提出并研究了一种满足高转矩密度、高效高可靠要求的静态密封高温超导单体励磁爪极场调制电机及其控制系统。.该电机采用单体环形超导励磁线圈，简化了冷却杜瓦加工和低温冷却系统设计，提高了系统可靠性，通过理论推导、三维磁网络计算，并借助有限元分析，厘清了气隙磁场谐波和电磁转矩之间的对应关系，明晰了有效磁场谐波分量，并以有效谐波幅值最大为优化目标，建立了该类电机优化设计分析、性能参数计算的一般方法；揭示了电机内复杂谐波磁场对高温超导励磁线圈特性的影响规律，提出了磁通偏转器和铜层相结合的复合磁屏蔽方案、基于端电压低通滤波和BP神经网络二次滤波的失超检测方法、基于A-V公式和均质化建模的临界电流快速求解方法；探究了气隙磁场谐波与铁耗和永磁体涡流损耗之间的关系，提出了一种基于谐波分析的损耗最小化控制策略，实现了损耗实时估计及最小化运行目标；提出了一种低复杂度基于三矢量的模型预测转矩控制和一种基于低载波比PWM技术的转矩脉动抑制控制策略，研制了一台单体电励磁爪极场调制电机样机，构建了实验平台及测试系统，完成了实验测试及性能综合评估。.本项目在静态密封高温超导磁场调制电机拓扑结构、磁场谐波作用机理、优化设计分析、超导磁体磁屏蔽、失超检测及临界电流精准计算、转矩脉动及损耗抑制控制等方面的研究，将为静态密封超导电机在大功率直驱领域的工程应用提供理论基础和技术支撑，同时也将丰富超导电机的研究内容，不仅具有重要科学意义和学术价值，而且具有广阔的应用前景。