中国主要林木炭疽病病原菌系统分类及其多样性研究

Colletotrichum spp. is one of the most famous plant pathogenic fungi in the world. It is widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions and causes anthracnose of trees, vegetables, fruit trees and crops and causes serious economic losses. The identification of anthrax has always plagued forest workers, and the accuracy of its results not only affects the control effect and way of forest diseases, but also the progress of tree disease-resistant breeding. Recently, the application of a polyphasic approach methods based on multi-gene phylogenetic analysis in the identification of anthropogenic pathogens such as crops, successfully resolved some of taxonomically historic issues of Colletotrichum. However, a polyphasic approach of anthracnose pathogen in trees is in initial stage. Based on the previous work, the applicant found that anthracnose in our country contains not only C. gloeosporioides or C. gloeosporioides complex but also multiple complex species and many new Colletotrichum species. In this study, A polyphasic approach is used as systematically taxonomy and diversity analysis of Colletotrichum on Camellia oleifera, Vernicia fordii, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Paulownia spp. which are the representative hosts of tree anthracnose pathogens in China. Our study will improve knowledge of Colletotrichum pathogenicity, diversity and distribution and provide the theoretical basis for the control of tree anthracnose and the disease-resistant breeding of trees.

炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum spp.)是世界上最著名的植物病原菌类群之一，广泛分布于热带、亚热带和温带地区，常引起林木炭疽病，甚至造成严重经济损失。炭疽菌的分类鉴定一直困扰着林病工作者，而其结果的准确性不仅影响林木病害的防治效果和措施，也攸关林木抗病育种进展。近年来，应用多基因系统学分析为基础的多相分类法于农作物等炭疽菌病病原的鉴定，成功解决了一些炭疽菌分类鉴定中复杂的历史遗留问题，而针对林木炭疽菌的多相分类工作尚处于起始阶段。申请者在前期工作的基础上，发现我国林木炭疽菌除了胶孢炭疽菌或者胶孢炭疽菌复合种外，还包含多个复合种和多个炭疽菌新种。本项目拟采用多基因分子系统学为基础的多相分类方法对我国油茶、油桐、杉木和泡桐等林木炭疽病典型代表进行系统分类和多样性分析，明确危害我国重要林木炭疽病病原的种类、致病性、多样性和分布规律，为我国林木炭疽病的防治和林木的抗病育种提供理论依据。

炭疽菌属成员（Colletotrichum spp.）是世界上最著名的植物病原菌类群之一，广泛分布于热带、亚热带和温带地区，常引起林木炭疽病，甚至造成严重经济损失。长期以来林木炭疽病病原通常被归为胶孢复合种物种，关于其分类鉴定问题一直困扰着林病工作者。在本项目的支持下，对我国林木炭疽菌进行了较为详尽的调查研究。赴安徽、广西、河南、湖北、湖南、云南、浙江等地进行标本采集，共计获得炭疽菌标本977份，分离得到炭疽菌菌株2343株。采用多基因系统学分析结合形态学观察等多相分类法，共鉴定出林木炭疽菌30种，其中新种10种，寄主新记录种14种，中国新记录种1种，同时将Colletotrichum spicati等7个新近发表物种处理为已知种的异名；至此我国林木炭疽菌由56个物种增加到82个物种，增加了46%；此外，在研究过程中还描述了我国林木寄主上其他相关类群新属1个，新种11个。通过本研究的调查发现，我国林木炭疽菌除了胶孢炭疽菌复合种成员外，还包含尖孢复合种等其他8个炭疽复合种成员。此外，在目前已发现的林木炭疽菌中，Colletotrichum camelliae和Colletotrichum pseudomajus表现出了较强的寄主专化性，其中C. camelliae仅在茶属植物上被发现，C. pseudomajus仅在茶树枝条上被发现。已对这两个物种的全基因组进行了测序，为后续研究炭疽菌与寄主的关系以及炭疽菌致病机制方面奠定了基础。本项目共发表学术论文14篇，其中SCI论文14篇，较好完成了项目预期的各项内容，推动了对我国林木炭疽菌资源的认识，对林木炭疽菌的准确鉴定及其病害的防治和抗病育种都有着重要意义。