导电-阻燃协效网络的设计与构筑及其对聚合物基复合材料电磁屏蔽和阻燃性能的影响研究

The core issue of achieving high electromagnetic shielding and flame-retarding properties at a low filler loading is related to the fabrication of conducting-flame retarding synergistic network in polymer composites. In this research proposal, the alternating multilayer composites consisting of polymer/conducting fillers (CFs) composite layers and polymer/flame retardants (FRs) composite layers will be prepared through layer-multiplying coextrusion. The conducting and flame-retarding networks can be respectively fabricated parallel to the layer interfaces, while the synergistic networks formed through the alternating multilayered distribution of CFs and FRs can be fabricated vertical to the layer interfaces. By controlling the layer structure, the relationship between the layer distribution of functional fillers and macroscopic performances will be established. The synergistic mechanism of flame retardancy and the transmission mechanism of electromagnetic waves induced by the alternating multilayered distribution of CFs and FRs will be explored, and the corresponding theoretical models will be proposed. By introducing micropores into conducting layers, the transmission mechanism of electromagnetic waves influenced by the multiple shielding networks consisting of micropores and layer interfaces will be further investigated. The completion of the research will provide a new thought and route to prepare polymer composites with high electromagnetic shielding and flame-retarding properties, which will be of great theoretical and practical significance.

在低粒子填充量下同时实现高电磁屏蔽和高阻燃性能的核心问题是如何在聚合物基体中构筑具有协效作用的导电-阻燃复合网络。本项目拟采用层倍增共挤出技术制备导电层（聚合物/导电粒子复合体系）和阻燃层（聚合物/阻燃剂复合体系）交替排布的多层复合材料，在平行层界面方向构筑致密的导电网络和阻燃网络，在垂直层界面方向由交替排布的导电粒子和阻燃剂形成复合阻燃网络。利用层结构的可控性，研究功能粒子的层状分布与电磁屏蔽及阻燃性能相关参数的关系；揭示导电粒子与阻燃剂的交替层状排布在燃烧过程中的协效阻燃机理以及电磁波在层状复合体系中的传输机制，建立交替层状结构的阻燃和电磁屏蔽模型。在导电层中引入泡孔结构，进而探索电磁波在由气孔壁和多层界面构成的多重屏蔽网络中的传输机理。本项目将为在低粒子填充量下制备兼具优异阻燃和电磁屏蔽性能的聚合物基复合材料提供新思路、新途径，具有重要的理论意义和应用前景。

随着以微电子设备、无线传输等为代表的现代科技的发展，电磁波在为人类的生产生活提供便利的同时，已日渐成为影响人类健康、信息安全、设备稳定不可忽视的“隐形杀手”。由于各行业对材料薄壁化、轻量化要求的与日俱增，对材料电磁屏蔽和阻燃性能提出了更加严苛的要求。在低粒子填充量下同时实现高电磁屏蔽和高阻燃性能的核心问题是如何在聚合物基体中构筑具有协效作用的导电-阻燃复合网络。本项目采用层倍增共挤出技术制备导电层（聚合物/导电粒子复合体系）和阻燃层（聚合物/阻燃剂复合体系）交替排布的多层复合材料，在平行层界面方向构筑致密的导电网络和阻燃网络，在垂直层界面方向由交替排布的导电粒子和阻燃剂形成复合阻燃网络。利用层结构的可控性，研究了功能粒子的层状分布与电磁屏蔽及阻燃性能相关参数的关系；揭示了导电粒子与阻燃剂的交替层状排布在燃烧过程中的协效阻燃机理以及电磁波在层状复合体系中的传输机制，建立交替层状结构的阻燃和电磁屏蔽模型。本项目的研究成果为在低粒子填充量下制备兼具优异阻燃和电磁屏蔽性能的聚合物基复合材料提供了新思路、新途径，具有重要的理论意义和应用前景。