贵州典型酸雨区城市大气细颗粒物理化特征与生物毒性研究

The current interest in atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5)is mainly due to its demonstrated effect on human health and envirmonment.It is shown that NOx and SOx can have secondary reactions in air and form finer particles, mainly distributing in the size less than 2.5μm, which causes greater harm to human health and environment. However, Guizhou Province is one of the mainly controlled acid rain areas, and PM2.5,NOx and SOx may worsen with the ecmomic development and process of urbanization supported by Document [2012] 2 issued by the State Council..In this project, PM2.5 samples are systematically collected in Anshun,Zhunyi,Douyun and Guiyang city,in which the acid rain happens frequently.High resolution scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM) and specific image analysis sofeware are employed to study the microscopic morphologies and size distribution, and mapping of microscopic morphologies of PM2.5 in cities of acid rain will be built，and the reasons of how they form will be disscussed. Chromatography of ions (IC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are used to anlyze the chemical compositions.Plasmid DNA assay is employed to study the biotoxicity of PM2.5 and impossible reasons for the differences of biotoxicity will be analyzed. Therefore, this project is very important to understand the sources,forming processes, health effects to human body of PM2.5 in cities of acid rain areas, and it is also vital to cotrol fine particles in cities of acrid rain areas.

大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）已成为当前大气环境科学研究的热点之一。研究表明，大气中的氮氧化物（NOx）和硫氧化物（SOx）发生二次反应，生成较细的粒子，主要分布在粒径2.5μm以下，进而增大其对人体健康和环境的危害。而贵州是主要的酸雨区，在国发[2012]2号文精神的推动下，可能导致PM2.5、NOx、SOx的污染加剧。.本研究拟对贵州省酸雨较严重的安顺、遵义、都匀和贵阳市的PM2.5进行系统采样，采用高分辨率的扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和专门的图像处理软件研究PM2.5的微观形貌和粒度分布，建立酸雨区城市PM2.5的微观形貌图谱,探讨形成原因。利用离子色谱(IC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）分析其化学组成。运用质粒DNA实验研究其生物毒性，分析其毒性差异的原因。本课题对于弄清酸雨区城市PM2.5的来源和形成过程及其对人体健康的影响和细颗粒物污染控制具有重要意义。

大气细粒子（PM2.5）已成为当前我国城市首要的污染物，是形成雾霾的主要原因，严重地危害人体健康。而研究表明，氮氧化物（NOx）和硫氧化物（SO2）生成的二次细粒子是雾霾发生时PM2.5中的主要成分。本课题以西南主要酸雨区之一，且SO2排放量居全国之首的贵州省为研究区，选择酸雨较严重的安顺、遵义、都匀和贵阳市作为研究对象，于2013~2015年，按季节对PM2.5进行系统采样，全面分析了PM2.5污染特征；建立了研究区PM2.5中主要颗粒物，尤其是二次无机颗粒物的微观形貌图谱与分布特征，探讨了其形成的主要影响因素；通过阴阳离子分布特征研究，结果显示PM2.5中[NO3-]/[SO42-]值呈现逐年上升的趋势，但低于国内主要城市，大气污染仍以煤烟型为主；PM2.5中重金属元素的季节变化表现为春冬季高，夏秋季低，确定了三个主要来源；研究区PM2.5样品的生物活性存在着很大的差异性，全样的TD20值从<25μg/ml至>500μg/ml不等，水溶部分的TD20值从27μg/ml至>600μg/ml不等，总体表现为冬季PM2.5生物活性最大，其次是秋季和春季，夏季的最小。本课题对于弄清酸雨区城市PM2.5的来源和形成过程及其对人体健康的影响和细颗粒物污染控制具有重要意义。.以本项目为依托，已发表学术论文9篇，其中一级学报2篇，核心期刊3篇，科技核心4篇，另有4篇文章已投稿，其中1篇已被《中国环境科学》录用，另外3篇分别投“Applied Surface Science ”、“Environmental Pollution”和中国环境科学；完成硕士论文8篇；参加国内学术会议5次，公开学术报告5次。