Lacking of animal model of Alzheimer'disease (AD) that might be able to mimic the pathological and clinical characteristics of AD patients is the critical limitation for drug and therapeutical development, early diagnosis and translational medical research. Aging and Diabetes had been considered to be the main risk factors to be contributed to the β-amyloid formation.Convection-enhanced delivery technology was applied to stereotaxically intracranial injection (the area between the hippocampus and prefrontal, entorhinal and temporale lobe cortex ) of soluble Aβ42 oligomers to model the AD model, and then re-injection at 1-2 month interval, dynamic evaluation of cognitive function and β-amyloid plaque related biomarkers before and after post surgery modeling, until the appearance of impaired cognitive behavior and the β-amyloid related pathological evidences, meanwhile, the present study will estabolish a set of technical protocol for in vivo evaluation of AD model in non-human primates. The newly developed DMTS (Delayed-matching to Sample) testing panel will be used for cognition measurement, and the concentration of AD related specific biomarkers in cerebral spinal fluid includingβ40、Aβ42,P-tau will be dynamically analyzed, the formation and distribution of Aβplaque in the brain will be in vivo detected by a F18 combined specific radiopharmaceutical ligand AV45 uptake( 18F-AV45 PET imaging),and the immnohistopathological measurement of brain tissue collected by a biopsy. Moreover, the potential mechanism that diabetes and aging that could be predisposed to the formation of β-amyloid pathology and cognitive impairement would be preliminarily explored.
缺乏能从病理特点和临床症状特征模拟人类阿尔茨海默(AD)病的动物模型是制约AD新药研发、早期诊断和转化医学研究的瓶颈所在。老化及糖尿病是AD的主要危险因素且与AD发病密切相关。本研究选用老年和自发性糖尿病老年食蟹猴,应用对流增强给药技术(CED)立体定向脑内(海马至额叶前回的脑区、内嗅区和颞叶皮质等)注射可溶性Aβ42寡聚体,旨在建立拟临床AD模型,其后间隔1-2月左右重复注射,造模前基线期和造模后动态评价认知行为和脑内β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)斑块形成和相关生物标记物的变化,直到动物出现认知功能减退和/或出现Aβ斑块形成的。具体用延迟样品比对测试(DMTS)评价认知功能,检测脑脊液中Aβ40、Aβ42,P-tau 含量、18F-AV45-PET成像评价脑内Aβ斑块形成并结合脑组织活检分析Aβ斑块、Tau 病理的形成。此外,可初步研究糖尿病对Aβ病理形成的促进作用和机制。
本研究在老年食蟹猴成功构建了阿尔茨海默病(AD)拟临床模型:应用对流增强输送技术(CED)结合立体定向手术将Aβ42 寡聚体(AβO)注射到老年食蟹猴双侧海马外上方的脑实质可诱导出典型的AD病理与认知记忆损害的行为学特征,观察到脑内皮质分布区域类似于AD患者的β淀粉样斑块(老年斑)、磷酸化tau与神经元纤维缠结(NFT)及其所触发的脑内胶质细胞激活的神经炎症,但并未发现神经元的数量的显著减少。在AβO注射后1年左右,认知记忆行为-延迟样品匹配(DMTS)测试正确率均显著降低。老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)脑内海马、内嗅区皮层显示较正常动物更多的AD病理样Aβ斑块与NFT的形成,血浆、脑脊液中AD核心生物标记物(Aβ40、Aβ42、tau、p-tau181等)水平不同程度低于正常老年组,并与FPG呈线性负相关关系。在同时接受AβO两侧脑实质注射的正常与T2DM老年食蟹猴,DMTS长期动态测试结果表明T2DM较之正常老年食蟹猴在更早的时间、更易于出现认知记忆行为的波动与渐进性减低。表明T2DM可显著促进脑内AD样病理与病理生理的变化,且AβO脑内注射诱导的T2DM老年食蟹猴更易于获得认知记忆下降行为学表型。选择高频率、更高累计剂量的AβO分别注射到两组正常老年食蟹猴的双侧脑实质(间隔15天左右,共8次)与双侧侧脑室内(间隔7天左右,共8次),结果表明双侧侧脑室注射更早、更明显低出现认知记忆功能的下降,表明双侧侧脑室高频、高剂量注射AβO可在更短的时间内诱导出认知记忆降低的AD临床行为学特征。本研究从DMTS测试装置、操作难易度设计、老年食蟹猴的适用性、前期训练方法、测试分析评价标注化等方面进行连续地改进与优化,形成了一套完善的认知记忆行为学测试技术体系。已建立了一套完备的AβO合成与手术前后鉴定的标准化方案与技术流程。转基因APP猪模型验证了F18-AV45-PET成像技术在大动物临床前研究中应用的可行性,药代动力学的研究表明转基因APP猪的18F-AV45 体内清除率较之正常对照动物更为缓慢。AD拟临床模型可为AD发病机制研究, AD新药研发提供有效的临床前研究的载体。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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