鄱阳湖湖区碟形湖泊群鱼类集合群落时空格局及其构建过程的初步研究

Poyang Lake still maintains the natural features formed by flowing through the Yangtze River, shoal water, macrophytic lake. Its water yield is mainly limited to the Yangtze water level and the precipitation of the "Five Rivers" watersheds. With great water level amplitude, the unique and complex dishing lakes are brought up, which are important habitats for the breeding and growth of migratory and resident fishes. Therefore, it is of great significance for the maintenance of fishery resources. In this proposal, taking the dishing lakes in Poyang Lake region as research habitats, through the analysis on satellite data, we will illustrate the hydrologic characteristics, change rules and tendencies of dishing lacks; through collecting fish specimens in different spatial and temporal scales, we will systematically study the fish composition in dishing lakes, and the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of their communities pattern; at the same time, combined with the analysis on the ecological and environmental factors in multiple scales, we will further study the relation between ecological and environmental factors with fish community assembly in dishing lakes; what's more, we will try to predict the impact trend of the change of lakes' hydrologic characteristics and environmental factors on the fish community; finally, we will manage to put forward the protection and management countermeasures for the ecosystem and diversity of the fish in Poyang Lake.

鄱阳湖至今保持了通江、浅水、草型的自然湖泊特征，其水量主要受长江水位和"五河"流域降水控制，水位变幅巨大，因此造就了独特而复杂碟形湖泊群，是洄游鱼类和定居鱼类重要的繁殖育肥场所和庇护生境，对于渔业资源的维持有着重要的意义。本研究以鄱阳湖湖区的碟形湖泊群为研究对象，通过对卫星资料的分析，解析碟形湖泊水文特征、变化规律和趋势；通过不同时空尺度上的鱼类标本采集，系统的研究碟形湖泊内鱼类物种组成及其数量的时空分布格局；结合多重尺度生态和环境因子分析，研究生态环境因子与碟形湖泊群鱼类群落构建之间的关系；预测湖泊水文特征和环境因子改变对鱼类群落的影响趋势；提出鄱阳湖生态系统及其鱼类生物多样性的保护和管理对策。

鄱阳湖至今保持了通江、浅水、草型的自然湖泊特征，其水量主要受长江水位和“五河”流域降水控制，水位变幅巨大，因此造就了独特而复杂碟形湖泊群，是洄游鱼类和定居鱼类重要的繁殖育肥场所和庇护生境，对于渔业资源的维持有着重要的意义。本研究以江西国家级自然保护区子湖（碟形湖）为研究对象，解析碟形湖泊水文特征、变化规律和趋势；对子湖“斩秋湖”传统渔业方式进行了渔业特征调查；通过不同时空尺度上的鱼类标本采集，研究子湖内鱼类物种组成及其数量的时空分布格局及其与环境因子的关系；对子湖主要水生动物的食物来源进行分析，揭示其与水位的关系。主要发现：（1）鄱阳湖子湖是鱼类的重要利用生境，同时“斩秋湖”和沿岸带的调查结果揭示子湖鱼类的多样性受到鄱阳湖水位的影响；（2）除水位外，子湖面积、植被覆盖率也是影响鱼类多样性的重要因子。面积大、植被覆盖率高的子湖有较高的鱼类物种数和生物量；（3）消费者的食物来源存在时空差异：螺类食物来源主要是沉积物，中华圆田螺的食源在研究期间具有变化，䱗和鲫的食物来源主要是悬浮物；螺类对陆源有机物依赖度高于鱼类。