利用双偏振雷达和雨滴谱仪研究我国东部夏季降水系统微物理结构特征

Understanding and characterization of precipitation microphysics are important for accurate quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) and for improving quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF). The objective of this proposal is to improve precipitation estimation, understanding microphysics in Eastern China in summer with the optimal use of observations from advanced instruments, including 2D video disdrometer, and the multi-frequency dual-polarization radars (S-band radar in Lishui and newly acquired mobile C-band radar in Xianlin). On the basis of optimal radar retrieval method of precipitation microphysics, and the quantitative evaluation of error structures of radar measurements and retrievals, we will better understand cloud/precipitation microphysics with further study on the drop size distributions and their evolution. This study will also help to improve the QPE and QPF ability, and provide the theoretical and experimental support for the dual-polarization upgrade of the national network of operational CINRAD radars in China.

对于降水系统微物理结构的认识和量化是进行精确定量降水估计（QPE）和定量降水预报（QPF）的重要部分。此申请项目的核心在于利用先进的观测仪器，包括性能良好的多频段双偏振雷达（S波段雷达位于南京溧水；移动C波段固态雷达位于南京仙林）和二维视频滴谱仪，研究我国东部地区夏季降水物理结构。在准确建立降水微物理结构雷达反演方法，和定量分析雷达观测和反演的误差结构基础上，深入研究降水系统内部粒子尺寸分布及其演变，以更好理解云和降水系统微物理结构。该研究将为提高我国业务降水估计和预报能力，以及国家业务气象雷达网的双偏振升级提供急需的理论和实验依据。

准确数值天气预报依赖于微物理参数化方案。而一个好的参数化方案是建立在对云和降水微物理性质的理解和表达。本课题用先进的观测设备（双偏振雷达和二维视频滴谱仪）研究了我国东部地区夏季降水物理结构；发现了雨滴数密度高的特点；建立和改进了微物理参量之间（包括伽玛雨滴谱模型中的的mu-lambda约束）关系。同时发展了偏振雷达雨滴谱反演方法和定量降水估计算法。该课题也对改进雷达信号处理以提高数据质量进行了探讨。 该研究的结果为提高我国业务雷达的应用和预报能力，也为国家业务气象雷达网的双偏振升级提供急需的理论和实验依据。