基于LADM的我国不动产统一登记设计与建模

Unified registration of immovables is the newest development in field of land administration in China which attracts more and more attention. However, "Property Law" published in 2007 in China only proposed the general idea of unified registration where detailed rules had not been given yet (e.g., no accurate definitions of immovables provided) and comparison about unified registration between in international and in China is even lacked. Until the enactment of "Interim Regulations" in 2014, there are not detailed implementing rules to depend on. Based on the above, following "Interim Regulations", world-wide accepted ISO 19152 LADM (Land Administration Domain Model) is employed here for modelling the core of unified registration (i.e., unification of register basis, register authority, register information platform, register books) which is further reflected on (i) comparison of register types and register procedures between before and after unified registration, (ii) construction of unified surveying and encoding approaches for immovables and (iii) design of unified spatial representation for immovables where technological, legal, institutional aspects are all involved, and case study in Shenzhen, China is finally adopted. It is expected that, research here is beneficial to both integration of unified registration in China into world-wide registration progress and perfection of LADM standard employing recent China case.

不动产统一登记是我国土地管理领域最新研究热点，与大众生活息息相关而受到广泛关注。然而，自2007年我国颁布《物权法》首次提出“统一登记”纲领性号召以来，并没有明文给出具体实施细则（甚至未明确定义“不动产”），更少给予国际上与我国实施的对比研究。直至2014年《不动产登记暂行条例》的出台，才使得统一登记有据可依、有理可查。基于以上，本课题依托于《暂行条例》，采用国际上广泛接受的土地管理域模型(LADM,Land Administration Domain Model)，重点针对核心“四个统一”（即登记基础、登记机构、登记信息平台、登记簿册的统一）建模，具体体现于统一前/后登记类型与登记流程的对比建模、不动产统一测量与编码策略的构建、不动产统一空间表达方法的构造，涉及技术、法律、组织等多个方面，并通过深圳市不动产登记实例验证。力求我国不动产统一登记与国际接轨，并为完善LADM提供参考

作为国土资源管理部核心业务内容之一的不动产统一确权登记在我国已经全面展开；尤其是国土资源部门和规划部门合并为自然资源部之后，自然资源确权登记正在如火如荼展开。在以上背景下，本项目针对其中核心内容——土地以及房屋等典型不动产的统一确权登记，借鉴行业内国际领先标准Land Administration Domain Model，给予不动产确权登记的登记对象、登记流程、登记对象建模方法、登记对象可视化等方面的全面深入研究，尤其是提出了整合二维产权体和三维产权体的登记对象如何建模、如何构造、如何可视化的新方法，以上主要研究内容顺应当前土地利用/自然资源利用从传统平面粗放型开发利用向立体化集约型利用转变的迫切需求。以上研究内容理论研究和实践应用都展开顺利，尤其是应用于中国广东省深圳市、浙江省宁波市的不动产登记实例数据（尤其是前者），取得效果非常好，获得部里和行业内的一致性高度认可。本项目提出的三维产权体编码方法、产权体空间界址点测量方法、三维产权证设计、三维产权体集群的消隐可视化方法等，不仅科学研究角度立意新颖，可以应用于以土地与房屋为典型的三维地籍应用，更可以应用于各类自然资源确权登记，具有宽泛的、重要的应用价值，意义巨大。