面向水环境监测的能量获取型无线传感网络监测感知及数据收集研究

The sustained and effective monitoring of water environment has important practical significance for speeding up the development of ecological economy in our country. Due to the limited life cycle of wireless sensor network technology based on the current fixed battery power, it seriously affected the sustained and effective monitoring of water environment. This project aims at the lack of sensing reliability and the difficulty of data collection for water environment monitoring of the large areas of waters. In this project, the water environment monitoring based on energy harvesting wireless sensor network is used as the research object and the Poyang Lake areas of water is used as the research example. The energy dynamic arriving model is established by the stochastic model. Then, we focus on the research of the sensing reliability method from the perspective of dynamic energy. Meanwhile, aiming at the problem of data collection for the large area of water environment monitoring, we utilize beam synthesis technology to study the effective method of data collection about long distances and unmanned aerial vehicle under the condition of energy dynamic harvesting. By the research of this project, the results will provide theoretical foundation and scientific basis in terms of achieving continued sensing and effectiveness of data collection for the water environment monitoring; they also have important scientific significance for promoting the construction of national ecological environment.

持续有效的水环境监测，对于国家加快生态经济建设具有重要的现实意义。目前固定电池供电无线传感网络节点的生命周期有限，严重影响了水环境的持续有效监测。本项目针对水环境监测所面临的监测感知可靠性不足及大面积水域数据收集困难的问题，以能量获取型传感网络的水环境监测为研究对象，以鄱阳湖水域为研究实例，利用随机模型方法建立能量获取过程中的能量动态到达模型。在此基础上，从能量动态到达角度重点研究水环境监测的持续监测感知可靠性方法；同时针对大面积水环境监测数据收集问题，结合波束合成技术研究能量动态到达情况下长距离和空中无人机数据收集的有效性方法。本项目旨在实现水环境监测感知及数据收集的有效性方面提供理论基础和科学依据,对促进国家生态环境建设有重要科学意义。

将无线传感器网络技术应用于水环境监测，建立定时、自动、快速、长期的水环境监测对加快国家生态环境监测网络建设具有重要的意义，然而当前无线传感网络主要采用电池供电，由于固定电池容量有限，需要定期更换电池，无法实现水环境的长期有效监测，制约了监测网络的有效发展。针对当前无线传感网络技术对大面积水环境的持续监测存在局限性，本项目研究内容主要包括：从传感节点自供能角度，首先研究了传感节点从外部太阳能获取能量的模型，根据影响太阳能获取的多环境要素和太阳能采集的经验数据，建立了不同季节下太阳能到达模型，研究结果表明能量到达预测精度较传统预测方法提升了3%-7%。其次，在能量获取模型的基础上，研究水环境监测的持续监测感知可靠性方法。该部分研究了在监测拓扑容错要求下的能量优化分配方法、保证拓扑连通覆盖下的最大化监测频率方法以及多约束条件下的路由方法,研究结果表明监测网络在吞吐量、时延、监测效用等网络性能方面都有一定程度的提高。最后，针对水环境长距离监测传输的要求，研究了基于波束合成技术最小化最大旁瓣的长距离传输功率分配方法，研究结果表明提出方法有效实现长期传输效用的最大化，实现了在不同能量状态下功率优化分配。通过上述研究，为利用自供能无线传感网络实现水环境长期有效监测提供了理论基础，对国家加快生态环境监测网络建设和实现生态环境的智能化监测管理具有重要的科学意义。