The mammalian neocortex is a complicated, highly organized, six-layered structure and the development of the cerebral cortex is tightly controlled by gene transcription regulation. Recent studies have shown that chromatin remodeling plays a central role in regulation of gene expression by providing the transcription machinery with dynamic access to an otherwise tightly packaged genome. HMGNs belong to a family of highly conserved small non-histone proteins that bind to nucleosomes and HMGN2 is one of the most abundant HMGN protein family members. It is involved in regulating the conformation of chromosome. Although it has been reported that HMGN2 knock-out mouse is embryonic lethal, the function of HMGN2 in development, particularly in neural development, is not clear. Here, we propose to characterize the expression pattern of HMGN2 in the developing cerebral cortex and investigate the role of HMGN2 in NSC self-renewal and differentiation. We will also focus on the molecular mechanism of HMGN2 in regulating chromatin conformation and histone modification in neural stem lineage cells. Our long-term goal is to understand how HMGN proteins regulate NSC behavior, aiming towards developing novel therapeutic strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders.
大脑皮层发育是一个时空上高度有序的、受到严密的基因转录调控的过程。染色质变构作为调控基因转录的重要方式之一,其在神经细胞发育中的作用正逐渐受到重视。HMGN2是一个在脊椎动物内高度保守的核小体结合蛋白,目前已知的功能是打开染色质结构调控基因转录。尽管有报道称HMGN2基因敲除小鼠胚胎致死,但HMGN2在胚胎发育中的作用,尤其在神经发育中的作用尚不清楚。本项目将利用多种研究手段,结合HMGN2全身敲除及条件性敲除的小鼠,探究HMGN2在大脑皮层神经干细胞发育过程中的作用;结合生化、分子生物学等手段和高通量测序技术,系统鉴定HMGN2在神经干细胞全基因组的分布特性和调控的靶基因,及对染色质构象和组蛋白乙酰化的影响,从而深入诠释HMGN2在神经干细胞自我更新和分化中的作用机制。这项研究将增进我们对大脑皮层神经细胞发育机理的理解,阐释染色质调控在神经发育的重要性,为治疗大脑发育性疾病提供新思路。
人类大脑皮层的表面积在胚胎发育后期急剧增大,以至出现皮层折叠,是一种啮齿类动物不具有的独特性质。小头畸形,即头围明显低于正常值的一种神经发育障碍,通常由神经干细胞发育异常造成。目前由敲除小头畸形相关基因制造的小鼠疾病模型鼠虽然有大脑减小的表型,却经常无法重现病人中皮层表面积严重减小的表型。本项目研究了HMGN2(高迁移率核小体结合蛋白2)在大脑皮层发育阶段的表达和功能,发现HMGN2敲除鼠有胚胎部分致死和小头畸形表型。敲除鼠的皮层表面积的减少强于皮层厚度的减少,且异位神经前体细胞数量增加,这与病人和小头畸形的雪貂模型非常相似。我们在敲除鼠皮层中还发现了脑室表面神经干细胞细胞分裂板方向异常和分裂延迟,最终造成了皮层横向扩增的减少,导致总神经元和胶质细胞的减少,产生了皮层面积明显减小的小头畸形表型。通过ATAC-seq和RNA-seq技术,并结合已发表HMGN2的ChIP-seq数据,我们发现HMGN2通过维持基因启动子附近的染色质开放程度保证染色质的全局稳态,从而保证了神经发育过程中转录组的正常调控。我们的发现展现了染色质结构调控对于皮层发育的重要性,并且用一个新的小鼠小头畸形模型为小头畸形的病理研究提供了新思路。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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