大豆离子组对有机肥施用的响应机制研究

The ionomics is defined as the study of absorption and accumulation of element in plant, as well as the interaction between organism and environment by high-throughput analytical technology. Material cycle and energy flow, which including the mineral availability in soil, element content and distribution in plant and finally the food safety could be affected by the input of organic amendments. Organic sensitive soybean line, which was screened by the previous experiment, was applied as the plant material in the present study. It includes a field experiment which will be conducted in the long-term fertilizer experiment station and a rhizobox experiment carried out in greenhouse. 13 essential elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), cooper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), boron (B), and 11 non-essential elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), cesium (Cs), rubidium (Rb), cadmium (Cd), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), and cobalt (Co) will be determined in soil and soybean, their distribution and translocation in soybean, dissolution and fixation in organic matter, and the microbial diversity and element migration in rhizosphere will also be studied to reveal the mechanism of ionomic change of soybean response to the manure application.

通过离子组学应用现代高通量元素分析手段来研究植物元素吸收和积累的机理，反映生物体与外界环境的互作机制，已成为作物营养领域的热点。有机肥能改变土壤物质循环和能量流动，进而引起土壤元素含量、形态的改变和植物离子组的变化，最终影响植物的营养和农产品安全。本研究拟以有机敏感大豆品种为试验材料，结合长期定位肥料试验和根箱试验，通过对有机肥施用下土壤和大豆植株离子组及相关指标的测定，研究有机肥对土壤中13种植物必需元素和11种非必需元素含量、形态及其在大豆中的分配、转移的影响，并通过对根际土壤微生物多样性及元素的迁移转化、有机质组分构成及其对元素解离吸附的研究，进一步揭示大豆离子组对有机肥施用的响应机制。

大豆是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一，富含蛋白、油分和微量元素。离子组学是研究植物元素循环和环境变化关系的有效手段。有机肥能改变土壤物质循环和能量流动，进而引起土壤元素含量、形态的改变和植物离子组的变化，最终影响植物的营养和农产品安全。本研究通过对有机肥施用下土壤和大豆植株离子组及相关指标的测定，研究有机肥对土壤-大豆体系中13种植物必需元素和11种非必需元素形态、运输和分配影响，并通过对根际土壤中微生物多样性及元素的解离吸附的研究，进一步揭示大豆离子组对有机肥施用的响应机制。研究结果表明：大豆不同生育期各器官离子组的分配有显著差别。B和Ca在大豆叶片中含量一直维持较高水平，并且随着生育期的推进含量不断增高。有机肥施用能够促进Mg和K向大豆地上部的运输。有机肥施用通过改变大豆根际土壤pH和有机质，进而改变土壤中元素的有效态和大豆地上部元素含量；有机肥施用能够提高植物根际微生物利用碳源的能力。在大豆生长过程中，有机肥施用通过影响土壤微生物对糖、氨基酸的利用及对硝酸根、P及其它金属元素的吸收来影响植株地上部的离子组，但并未对作物生长造成影响。