铝基钠米结构材料去除水中砷和氟的吸附和脱附再生研究

Low concentration of arsenic and fluorine ions in underground water have seriously affected the people’s health, and adsorption is one of the most efficiency ways to removal of them based on the particular surface/interface effects of nanostructured materials. In recent years, many nanostructured materials with excellent adsorption capacities have been developed. However, several key issues of nanostructured adsorption materials are remained to be elucidated, including lack of research under low concentrations and unclear of adsorption mechanisms. In this project, we plan to select some typical aluminum-based nanostructured materials as research objects, and investigate their adsorption properties under low concentrations, adsorption mechanisms and desorption and regeneration of materials on the fundamental level. We will focus on investigating the adsorption properties under low concentrations, and verify the effect of other common anions in water on the adsorption capacities of these aluminum-based nanostructured materials. We also use the ultrahigh resolution of synchrotron radiation X-ray, combined with surface analysis and structure analysis, to reveal the adsorption mechanism between nanostructured materials and heavy metal ions. Based on the adsorption mechanisms, we will explore desorption and regeneration technologies of aluminum-based nanostructured materials after saturated adsorption. The outcome of this project is to provide experimental evidences and theory foundation for developing and fabricating nanostructured materials with high adsorption properties.

地下水中低浓度砷和氟离子极大地影响人们的健康，利用纳米结构材料独特的表界面效应，通过吸附深度净化去除是最有效的方法之一。近年来，国内外已发展制备了多种优异吸附能力的纳米结构吸附材料。但目前还缺乏低浓度下吸附特征研究、吸附机理尚不完善等问题。本项目将以几类典型的铝基纳米结构材料为研究对象，对水中低浓度砷和氟的吸附性能、吸附机理及吸附后材料的脱附再生进行基础科学研究。研究内容包括考察铝基纳米结构材料在近中性条件下对低浓度砷和氟的吸附性能，探明水中其他常见高浓度阴离子对吸附容量的影响；采用表面分析与结构分析相结合的方式，借助同步辐射X射线超高分辨能力，对上述铝基纳米结构材料与水中砷和氟离子的相互作用进行深入研究，阐明其吸附机理；并在此基础上，探索饱和吸附后铝基纳米结构材料的脱附过程与再生工艺，为开发高性能纳米结构吸附材料提供实验基础和理论依据。

地下水中低浓度砷和氟离子极大地影响人们的健康，利用纳米结构材料独特的表界面效应，通过吸附深度净化去除是最有效的方法之一。但目前还缺乏低浓度下吸附特征研究、吸附机理尚不完善等问题。本项目针对上述问题，以碱式碳酸铝、镁铝水滑石等纳米结构材料为研究对象，考察其对水中砷离子和氟离子的吸附特性和吸附机理，取得重要结果如下：发展了3种高效的纳米结构吸附材料，其中花状空心氧化镁在近中性条件下，对五价砷离子的饱和吸附容量高达570 mg/g，远高于文献报道数值；发现并证实了碱式碳酸铝表面碳酸根与氟离子的离子交换吸附机理，镁铝水滑石层间氯离子与氟离子间的新的离子交换吸附机理。