联合风场中列车-汽车-大跨度斜拉桥系统的动力性能及行车安全性研究

This project studies dynamic characteristics of long span rail-cum-road cable-stayed bridges and running safety control of vehicles through bridges in the combined wind field of natrual winds and high speed train-induced winds, which is the frontier research project in bridge engineering field. The natural winds, trains, automobiles and a cable-stayed bridge are analyzed as a coupled whole system and a wind-train-automobile-cable-stayed bridge dynamic interaction model is established considering the meteorological environment characteristics of the bridge site area, by means of field test, wind tunnel test, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The effects of the combined action of natural winds and train-induced winds on the aerodynamic characteristics of the bridge and vehicles and the flow field around, the blockage and sudden change of wind loads on the vehicles nearby the pylon and truss structures are analyzed, as well as the fatigue reliability of cable stays in combination of wind loads and vehicle loads. Finally, the dynamic performance of the long span rail-cum-road cable-stayed bridge, the safety and comfort of the trains and automobiles on the bridge in strong winds are evaluated. The aim of this study is to propose control standards that will ensure the safe operation of trains, automobiles and the proper use of bridges during windy conditions. The completion of this project will improve the dynamic catastrophe theory of high-speed railway bridges and enhance the running safety of train vehicles on bridges, and also provide theoretical basis for further research and engineering application of this subject.

研究自然风和列车高速运行时产生的列车风的联合作用下，大跨度公铁两用斜拉桥的动力性能及行车安全控制这一桥梁工程领域的前沿课题。把自然风、列车、汽车和斜拉桥作为一个整体系统进行分析，采用现场实测、风洞试验、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法，考虑桥址区的气象环境特点，建立风-列车-汽车-斜拉桥时变系统的动力相互作用分析模型，研究自然风和列车风联合作用对桥梁和车辆的气动特性及周围流场的影响、桥塔和桁架结构对车辆的遮挡及荷载突变效应、风载和车载联合作用下的斜拉索的疲劳可靠性等问题，最后对大跨度公铁两用斜拉桥的动力性能及强风作用下桥上列车、汽车的运行安全性和舒适性进行评估，旨在提出多风期间确保桥上列车、汽车安全运营和桥梁正常使用的控制标准。项目的完成将对完善高速铁路桥梁动力灾变理论、提高列车在桥上的运行安全做出贡献，并为进一步的研究和工程应用提供理论基础。

本项目基于风-车-桥系统耦合振动机理，采用现场实测、风洞试验、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法，系统地研究了自然风和列车高速运行时产生的列车风的联合作用下，大跨度公铁两用斜拉桥的动力性能及行车安全控制问题。建立了联合风场中高速列车-汽车-大跨度斜拉桥耦合振动分析模型，并编制了相应的计算分析软件，实现了自然风和列车风联合作用下列车、汽车通过桥梁的全过程动力仿真。以沪苏通公铁两用长江大桥为工程背景，对考虑结构效应的风场特性进行了观测分析，开展箱桁节段模型风洞试验，测试了箱桁结构内部及周围的风速场分布特征及车桥系统的三分力系数，研究了桥塔和桁架结构对车辆的遮挡及荷载突变效应，计算了自然风和列车风联合作用下桥梁和车辆的动力响应，分析了公路、铁路行车的相互影响以及斜拉索的疲劳可靠性等，对联合风场中桥梁的动力性能及桥上高速列车、汽车的运行安全性和舒适性进行了评价，提出了保证铁路、公路行车安全的风速阈值和车速阈值。与瑞典皇家理工大学、比利时鲁汶大学、东日本铁路公司等进行了有效的合作，通过学术互访、线上学术交流、青年教师访学等方式，合作研究了强风作用下不同形式铁路桥梁的动力性能及桥上列车的运行安全。在国内外发表/录用论文13篇，其中SCI检索论文3篇，EI检索论文6篇，核心期刊论文1篇，会议论文3篇。获软件著作权1项。获中国职业安全健康协会科技二等奖1项、中铁建科学技术二等奖1项。培养博士研究生2名（已毕业），培养硕士研究生14名（毕业9名）。研究成果进一步丰富了高速铁路大跨度公铁两用桥梁抗风和车桥耦合动力学的研究领域，扩展了其基础理论和工程应用。