基于微纳米结构超疏水/超亲油膜的油水分离渗透传质机理研究

Based on the new concept of oil-water separation owing to wettability diference, a kind of super hydrophobic and super olephilic film will be developed for oil-water separation which is basically diferent from existing membrane process in mass transfer driving force and separation mechanism,and possesses the advantage of non-source enhancement operation.The novel oil-water separation technique and the separation mechanism will be deeply studied in the proposed project.With the method of molecular orientation and position,the super hydrophobic and super olephilic film with micro nano structures will be prepared on optimized substrates. The morphology and the chemical properties will be examined and the governing paremeters and principles be studied.The generation of super hydrophobicity and super olephilicity and the conversion principles of the film will be investigated. With the preferential wetting theory,the oil-water two phase fluids hydrodynamics, the osmotic mass transfer and the thermodynamic judgment of oil-water separation and purification by the film with surface wettability will be systematically investigated with the application prospects in oil-water separation in oil mining, industrial oily water treatment and oil recovery from sea oil-spilling accidents.Combined with theories of structural chemistry,the expression of chemical potential with respect to super hydrophobicity of the film will be put forward with the analysis of molecular structures of the hydrophobic materials and the micro-nano structure of the film, as well as the surface energy defference of oil and water on the film.The influence of interfacial energy on oil-water separation efficiency will be studied experimentally.The osmotic mass transfer driving force,resistance and mechanism will be investigated and illustrated with the view point of chemical potentials relating to super hydrophobicity of the wettability preferential oil-water separation film. Mass transfer model for the oil-water separation by means of so developed super hydrophobic and super olephilic film is to be established. The separation mechanism and theories of interfacial characteristic driven process will be put forwards.

基于与传统膜分离在传质推动力与机制上有着本质不同,并具有无源强化分离优点的超疏水超亲油膜分离的新概念，探索新型油水分离技术和过程机制。项目采用分子取向定位等方法在基体骨架上制备具有微-纳米结构的超疏水-超亲油分离膜，研究控制表面形貌结构和化学特性的基本原则和工艺；研究该分离膜的疏水性与亲油性的产生和转变机制；并以油田开采过程特定条件下的油水分离、工业含油污水处理与海洋油污处理为背景，以选择性润湿优先理论，系统研究利用界面润湿特性进行油水分离和纯化的油水两相流体力学、传质过程及热力学机制,并结合结构化学理论,从超疏水材料的分子结构以及油与水在分离膜表面能级差异等层面，提出基于超疏水性的化学位量化数学表达, 实验获得界面能与分离效果的定量关系；从而以化学位的观点探讨新型润湿选择分离膜的传质推动力与传质阻力，建立纳米超疏水-超亲油膜的油水分离传递模型，完善界面特性驱动分离的理论和机制。

随着国民经济的发展，油品的需求始终维持着旺盛的势态。油水分离问题随着原油注水开采、油品加工与使用中含油污水处理及泄油事故的频发而日趋重要。基于与传统膜分离在传质推动力与机制上有着本质不同,并具有无源强化分离优点的超疏水-超亲油膜分离的新概念，探索新型油水分离技术和过程机制。项目采用从制膜材料的分子结构、基团电负性与极性出发，优选出理想的制膜材料与构成，经悬液浸泡、气动喷涂、静电喷涂、印刷布膜、溶胶凝胶及分子自组装等诸多方法尝试，成功的在金属丝网与不锈钢微颗粒烧结多孔板基体骨架上制备出具有工业应用前景的具有微-纳米结构的超疏水-超亲油分离膜，采用柴油-水混合物系统，研究利用界面润湿特性进行超疏水膜的油水分离技术、工艺流程与操作条件，；研发了适于工业连续生产的油水分离膜组件，研制出具有工业应用价值的油水分离样机，油水分离效率可达99%以上，实验获得各种操作条件与分离效果的定量关系；分析了油水两相分离过程,研究了利用界面润湿特性进行油水分离和纯化的油水两相流体力学、传质过程及热力学机制,并结合结构化学理论与分子动力学模拟从超疏水材料的分子结构以及油与水在分离膜表面能级差异等层面探索油水分离机制，研究基于超疏水性的界面能与分离效果的关系，从而以化学位的观点探讨新型润湿选择分离膜的传质推动力与传质阻力，研究了水在超疏水微孔道内的滑移流动，经与油的无滑移流动对比，分析油水混合物的破乳与分离过程。阐述界面特性驱动分离的理论和机制，发展超疏水现象学理论。研究中形成了专有制膜技术、分离元件设计加工技术与可行的分离工艺流程，有望在工程实际中应用。