旋转对称机械动力调谐及分组构型研究

Rotary machinery plays a key role in the national infrastructure, basic industry and national defense building. Vibration heavily affects the working precision, running reliability and service life. This proposal carries out theoretical and experimental study on the dynamic tuning and topology selection by focusing on the general relationship between the grouped symmetry and typical vibrations. A general multi-field and rigid-elastic coupling model is developed by using energy method, which incorporates the various dynamic similarities between different rotary machinery and moving foundation effect. The responses induced by the time-invariant/variant single/multiple frequency loads are examined by means of the superposition of the stationary and load-fixed modals, especially those responses resulting from the standing-wave excitation at the split natural frequencies. The coexistence style, evolution rule and physical nature of the typical vibrations are discussed. To avoid an over reliance of the theoretical analysis on a specific model, this proposal employs the standing-wave-superposition technique to predict vibration. Based on the above, general instruction, comprehensive approach, and high-efficiency topology selection are proposed in terms of the scale parameter, geometrical shape and structural topology. Breakthroughs will be made in the vibration analysis, dynamic performance and new system construction.

旋转机械是国家基础设施、基础工业及国防建设等众多领域的关键设备，机械振动是严重影响工作精度、运行可靠性和服役寿命的重要因素。本项目围绕分组对称与典型振动行为的映射关系这一基础问题，开展动力调谐及构型选择方面的共性理论与实验研究。首先基于能量法建立涵盖多种动力相似性且计入基础运动的多场耦合刚/弹振动统一数学模型。然后分别采用静止和载荷随动模态叠加技术分析恒/变幅单/多频载荷激振响应，尤其是分裂频率的驻波激振响应，并探讨各典型振动行为的共存方式、演变规律和物理本质。为了避免理论分析对数学模型的过度依赖，基于对称性原理还直接采用驻波叠加技术开展振动预测研究。最终从尺度、形状和拓扑层面提出构建动力性能评价指标的一般指导理论、综合甄别方法和高效遴选技术，并给出对比实验验证。期望在旋转机械的振动分析、动力品质提升及新系统构建等方面取得实质性突破。

本项目研究了行星传动、永磁电机、感应电机、超声电机以及旋转周期结构的动力学特性。采用哈密顿原理建立了计入质量和刚度周期分布以及内外源激励的弹性动力学模型。研究了对称拓扑对自由、受迫和参激振动的影响，提出可抑制甚至消除固有频率分裂及动力不稳定的分组拓扑构型；分析了由质量和刚度周期性产生的行波响应扭曲现象；提出一种针对行星传动刚弹耦合振动的双频分析方法；研究了齿轮传动的非线性振动，揭示了周期性与谐振特性的关系。相关研究成果已在ASME CND、JSV、JVC、ND和IMechE等高水平学术刊物发表，申请了国家发明专利，还积极开展学术交流，多次参加动力学方面的学术会议。