茶渍属地衣种间演化关系的研究

Lecanora, contains about 600 species, is the largest genus of Lecanoraceae. At present, species is defined based on the thallus morphological characteristics, crystals in apothecia, chemical substances and the group is also defined based on the morphological and chemical characteristics. But molecular systematics study of Lecanora suggest that the defination is unscientific. There are few molecular phylogeny study on Lecanora. Our study focusens on evolutionary relationships among different species of Lecanora in order to clarify the division basis of groups, the interspecific relationships of each group and phylogenetic relationships among groups, establish the DNA barcoding of Lecanora in China. The study will lay the foundation for the scientific definition of Lecanora and the evolutionary relationships between Lecanora and its allied genus.

茶渍属（Lecanora）地衣有600种之多，目前主要依据地衣体形态特征，子囊果中晶体的大小、碱溶性和所处位置，以及地衣次生代谢产物进行物种界定；属下单位的划分同样依据形态特征和化学特征进行。相关的分子系统学研究表明茶渍属传统上的物种鉴定和分组界定存在极大的不科学性。国际上鲜有茶渍属地衣的分子系统学分析研究。本项目旨在利用分子系统学研究手段，对茶渍属地衣的种间演化关系进行系统研究，基本阐明茶渍属地衣属下组群的划分依据、各组群内茶渍属地衣的种间演化关系以及各组群之间的演化关系，初步建立中国茶渍属地衣物种的DNA条形码，为将来茶渍属概念的科学界定及其与近缘属演化关系的研究奠定基础。

一、标本补充采集：项目研究期间对云南、新疆、吉林、内蒙古、北京、重庆、西安和贵阳的茶渍属地衣标本进行了补充采集，共采集标本550余份。.二、本项目利用分子系统学研究手段，对茶渍属地衣种类进行了科学界定，共鉴定馆藏于中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS-L)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(HKAS)以及山东师范大学植物标本室(SDNU)的5900余份茶渍属地衣标本，发现并描述中国茶渍属地衣128种，其中新种5个：Lecanora moniliformis L. Lü & Z.T. Zhao sp. nov., Lecanora prehensseniae L. Lü & Z.T. Zhao sp. nov., Lecanora pseudofimbriatula L. Lü & Z.T. Zhao sp. nov., Lecanora shangrilaensis Z.T. Zhao & L. Lü sp. nov., Lecanora subloekoesii Z.T. Zhao & L. Lü sp. nov.。中国新记录种12个：Lecanora chionocarpa Hue, Lecanora concilianda Vainio, Lecanora concilians Nyl, Lecanora fimbriatula Stirton, Lecanora flotoviana Spreng, Lecanora hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo, Lecanora hypocrocea Vainio, Lecanora phaeocardia Vainio, Lecanora praepostera Nyl, Lecanora sierrae B.D. Ryan & T.H. Nash., Lecanora stramineoalbida Vainio and Lecanora sulcata (Hue) H. Miyaw.。.三、茶渍属地衣物种的科学界定：测定了45种中国茶渍属地衣的ITS nrDNA序列，每种地衣依据表型特征的多样化程度和产地，选择了5份标本进行了ITS序列测定，对数据进行分子系统学分析将45种茶渍属地衣划分为4个组群。.