Maternal diabetes mellitus not only has deleterious effects on oocyte quality and embryonic development, but also contributes to offspring metabolic diseases, such as obesity. Furthermore, the non-communicable diseases can be inherited between generations. Our previous results indicated that maternal diabetes altered expression of many genes which are correlated to epigenetic modifications in oocytes. Therefore, we hypothesize that epigenetics may play a key role for the metabolic diseases on offspring of diabetic mothers and the descendiblity of non-communicable diseases between generations. In this study, we will investigate the correlation between DNA methylation and metabolic diseases in offspring of diabetic mothers and the epigenetic inheritance of metabolic diseases. Firstly, we will confirm whether the DNA methylation levels in the promoter regions of LEPTIN, FTO, IRS1, FASN, and PPARs, which are correlated to metabolism, are altered by maternal diabetes. Secondly, we will investigate the DNA methylation levels in promoter regions and the expressions of LEPTIN, FTO, IRS1, FASN, and PPARs in liver and fat tissues of F1, F2 and F3 generations of diabetic and nondiabetic mice. If the DNA methylation levels are still changed, we will analyze how the alterations occur. To elucidate how the metabolic diseases are transmitted between generations, we will check whether the DNA methylation levels in promoter regions of LEPTIN, FTO, IRS1, FASN, and PPARs are affected by maternal diabetes mellitus in germ cells of F1, F2, and F3 offspring of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers. Meanwhile, we will check whether hyperglycemia affects the DNA methylation patterns in promoters of LEPTIN, FTO, IRS1, FASN, and PPARs in human oocytes.
母源糖尿病不仅对卵子质量、胚胎发育有不利影响,而且使后代易患肥胖等代谢性疾病,更为重要的是这些疾病能在后代间遗传。我们先前的研究证明,母亲糖尿病改变了MII卵子中许多与表观遗传学修饰相关的酶的表达。因此,表观遗传可能是导致糖尿病母亲后代易患肥胖等代谢性疾病及其在后代间遗传的重要原因。本项目将研究糖尿病对小鼠卵子和早期胚胎中LEPTIN、FTO、IRS1、FASN、PPARs等与能量和脂肪代谢相关基因启动子区DNA甲基化水平的影响及其机制;母亲糖尿病对F1、F2和F3等后代脂肪和肝脏组织中这些基因DNA甲基化水平和表达水平的影响及其机制;母亲糖尿病对F1、F2和F3等后代生殖细胞中这些基因DNA甲基化水平的影响;以及高血糖对人卵子中这些基因DNA甲基化修饰的影响。研究结果将揭示母亲糖尿病后代易患代谢性疾病及其跨代遗传的机制。
糖尿病等代谢性疾病不仅影响患者健康,而且对后代也有不利影响。比如糖尿病子代患肥胖、心血管疾病等慢性疾病的风险显著高于非糖尿病子代。因此,研究糖尿病对子代健康造成不利影响的机制是十分必要和迫切的。表观遗传学是一种不改变基因碱基序列的遗传方式,易受环境影响。因此,本项目主要研究糖尿病是否改变子代卵母细胞甲基化水平及异常甲基化修饰是否能够通过卵母细胞遗传给子代。我们发现,随着葡萄糖浓度升高,人卵母细胞成熟率显著降低,而且高葡萄糖浓度改变了人卵母细胞印记基因Peg3甲基化水平,这可能是导致胎儿发育异常的重要原因之一。我们进一步分析了与代谢密切相关的基因adiponectin甲基化水平。我们发现随着葡萄糖浓度升高,adiponectin启动子区甲基化水平明显降低;在每个CpG位点上甲基化水平呈现类似的变化趋势。这说明,代谢基因甲基化水平异常可能是导致子代出现代谢异常的重要原因之一。为了深入研究糖尿病对卵母细胞基因组甲基化水平的影响,我们利用单细胞基因组甲基化测序技术分析糖尿病对小鼠F1卵母细胞基因组甲基化水平的影响。我们发现,糖尿病显著改变了卵母细胞差异甲基化区域DMR区甲基化水平。我们同时也分析了CHG和CHH位点甲基化水平,结果显示这些区域甲基化水平都受到了影响。我们进一步分析了DMRs与功能基因的关系,有100多个基因相关区域甲基化水平发生明显改变。我们用单细胞转录组测序技术分析了F1卵母细胞转录组水平,我们发现糖尿病明显改变了F1卵母细胞基因组转录水平,其中表达上调基因570个,表达下调基因283个。这些表达异常基因中有396个与代谢相关。对印记基因和与代谢相关基因的分析表明,糖尿病显著改变了印记基因H19和代谢相关基因leptin的甲基化水平及表达水平。研究表明,糖尿病改变了卵母细胞甲基化水平及基因表达水平;子代易患代谢性疾病与代谢相关基因的异常甲基化相关。该项目阐明了糖尿病导致子代易患代谢性疾病的表观机制,有利于糖尿病等代谢性疾病的预防和治疗。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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