高效能目标下单液流锌镍电池优化与自适应控制研究

Efficient large-scale energy storage technology is one of the key supporting technologies for the accommodation of renewable energy generation, which is in line with the sustainable development of economy and energy security. Single flow zinc-nickel battery is a novel technology that is promisingly expected to meet this demand. In this project, the optimization and adaptive control of single flow zinc-nickel battery will be investigated in order to improve the energy efficiency and the performance of the battery, and thereby provide an economical energy storage solution for large-scale renewable energy generation. With the objective of improving the energy efficiency and performance of the battery, this project will study the mechanism and influencing factors of the battery and system’s efficiency, conduct physical field simulation and energy loss simulation for the basic structure of single fluid zinc-nickel battery, and optimize the structure of the battery, in which both mathematical simulation and field experimentation will be used. In addition, an integrated equivalent circuit model incorporating the mechanical and pump losses and the state of charge will be built, whose parameters will be identified in order to reflect the electrical characteristics of the battery accurately. Subsequently, the adaptive dynamic programming method will be used for the adaptive control of the charging and discharging processes of the single flow zinc-nickel battery. The change rule of the energy efficiency and the optimal control strategy of the battery will be obtained, which lead to the improvement of energy and system’s efficiency of the battery. Based on the research of this project, independent intellectual properties are expected to be achieved, which will lay the solid foundation for the maturity and industrial application of the single flow zinc-nickel battery technology.

大规模高效储能技术是消纳可再生能源发电的关键技术之一，符合我国实现能源安全、经济可持续发展的重大需求。单液流锌镍电池是一种适用于大规模储能的新技术。本项目研究单液流锌镍电池优化与自适应控制，提高该电池能效和应用性能，为可再生能源发电提供一种高性价比的储能技术途径。基于数学模拟和实验紧密结合的思路，本项目以单液流锌镍电池能效优化为目标，拟研究和分析影响该电池能量效率、系统效率的因素及机制，对该电池的基本结构进行物理场模拟和能量损失模拟优化，并进行结构改进。建立计及机械和循环泵损失、荷电状态等因素的综合等效电路模型，对该模型的各项参数进行辨识，以准确反映该电池的特性。基于自适应动态规划方法对该电池的充放电过程进行自适应控制，获得能量效率、系统效率的变化规律和最优控制策略，从而提高单液流锌镍电池能效。通过项目研究获得具有自主知识产权的原创性研究成果，为单液流锌镍电池的技术成熟和工程应用奠定基础。

单液流锌镍电池是一种新型的储能装置，它具有造材成本低、储能容量大、可深度充放电以及循环寿命长等优点，在电能存储领域具有广阔的发展前景。针对该体系电池目前存在储能效率不够高的问题，本项目研究单液流锌镍电池优化与自适应控制，提高该电池能效和应用性能，为可再生能源发电提供一种高性价比的储能技术途径。本项目探索单液流锌镍电池的能量损失原因，优化单液流锌镍电池结构设计，所设计的300Ah单液流锌镍电池系统效率接近和达到70%。开展单液流锌镍电池综合等效电路模型的研究，建立了基于极限学习机与不同充放电欧姆内阻结合的电池端电压预测模型，改进的PNGV等效电路模型，基于4阶RC阻抗等效电路模型。对这些模型的各项参数进行辨识，以准确反映该电池的特性。基于自适应动态规划方法对该电池的充放电过程进行自适应控制，获得能量效率、系统效率的变化规律和最优控制策略，从而提高单液流锌镍电池能效。设计单液流锌镍电池能效优化监控系统，提出改进的鲸鱼优化算法，实现了电解液智能调速，优化瞬时系统效率，进而提高单液流锌镍电池系统效率。通过项目研究获得具有自主知识产权的原创性研究成果，为单液流锌镍电池的技术成熟和工程应用奠定基础。. 本项目在国内外期刊和学术会议发表论文28篇，其中SCI 6篇、EI 6篇、北大版核心期刊14篇；获得软件著作权2项。本项目对单液流锌镍电池能效优化的理论研究及其实际应用都具有十分重要的学术价值和实际意义。