基于移动无线传感器网络的高层建筑结构分散损伤识别方法

To solve the problem of inaccurately identifying the damage status of high-rise buildings, due to its complexity as well as the sparse distribution of sensors in structural health monitoring system, a wireless mobile sensor network based decentralized identification method for high-rise structures is investigated herein. First, a mobile sensor based structural damage monitoring network is developed to monitor the responses of different parts of the structure in turn with a high spatial resolution. Second, to solve the difficulty in directly formulating decentralized damage identification method for high-rise buildings due to a large amount of unmeasured responses on its substructure's boundaries, a simplified model for high-rise building, having the same horizontal responses as the orignal building, is proposed to replace the complex building structure to conduct decentralized damage identification. Third, substructure identification methods are investigated to accurately estimate the substructure parameters of the simplified model. Fourth, the relations between the different kinds of structural damage in high-rise buildings and the changes of the substructures' parameters of the simplified model are investigated, the results of which are utilized to identify, localize and quantify structural damage in high-rise buildings based on the estimated substructure parameters of the simplified model. Finally, a model vibration test is conducted, using the established wireless mobile sensor network based structural damage monitoring system, to verify the efficacy of the proposed decentralized local damage identification method for high-rise buildings proposed herein. Combined the wireless mobile sensor network technology with the decentralized damage identification methods for high-rise buildings, this project provides an advanced methodology to accurately identify damage in large complex building structures.

针对高层建筑结构复杂、自由度数目多，而健康监测系统传感器数量少、空间分布稀疏，导致易误判结构损伤的问题，本项目发展基于移动无线传感网络的高层建筑结构分散损伤识别方法。首先，研究移动无线传感网络的监测性能，利用该监测网络的移动性实现对结构各部分依次进行高密度响应测量；其次，研究与建筑结构水平响应相同的简化模型，用其替代原结构解决高层建筑分散子结构边界存在大量未测量响应而难以直接进行结构分散损伤识别的问题；第三，研究简化模型分散子结构的参数识别方法；第四，研究高层建筑各类损伤与简化模型分散子结构参数之间的关系，建立基于简化模型分散子结构识别参数的高层建筑损伤识别方法；最后，利用移动无线传感网络进行模型振动试验，验证本项目方法的有效性。本项目巧妙地将移动无线传感网络技术与高层建筑分散子结构理论相结合，为准确识别大型复杂结构损伤提供先进有效的理论方法和技术，具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。

高层建筑在现代社会运转中承担着重要的功能，及时发现隐藏结构损伤对保障建筑结构全寿命安全起着重要的作用。然而，高层建筑力学模型复杂、自由度众多，而健康监测系统传感器数量少、空间分布稀疏，导致传统结构损伤方法难以准确识别损伤。针对上述本项目发展了基于移动无线传感网络的高层建筑结构分散损伤识别方法。首先，创新地提出了建筑结构的新型等效简化模型，该模型不仅能够准确反映实际复杂建筑结构动力响应，还具有模型参数简单便于识别的优点。其次，提出了基于简化模型的建筑结构子结构参数识别方法，通过深入分析识别误差，揭示了影响子结构参数识别精度的关键因素。第三，提出了基于少量传感器的建筑结构子结构参数识别方法，实现了结构损伤的分散识别。第四，研究建筑结构简化模型参数与结构损伤之间的对应关系，实现基于简化模型识别参数的建筑结构损伤定位与量化。第五，通过大型结构模型振动台试验验证了上述方法的有效性，并发现了该方法在实际使用中的局限性。最后，研发了基于智能手机的结构振动监测系统，用其替代无线传感器进行结构参数和损伤识别。本项目提出了基于简化模型的高层建筑结构损伤识别方法，为准确识别大型复杂结构损伤提供了一种新思路，具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。项目研究成果发表论文14篇，其中SCI检索2篇，EI检索6篇；申请国家发明专利1项，申请并授权软件著作权1项。