生态环境对太子参次生代谢物合成积累的影响及分子机制

Pseudostellariae Radix, a kind of staple traditional Chinese medicine, has the functions of strengthening spleen, replenishing Qi, moistening lung and producing fluids. It has large clinical consumption for its positive effects. However, due to the difference of ecological environment, the variation of its effective components accumulation is big, and its quality is uneven. The key of manufacturing procedure of Pseudostellariae Radix is how to ensure its high and uniform quality. During the quality forming process of Pseudostellariae Radix, numbers of ecological factors impact the synthesis and accumulation of its secondary metabolites. But the influence and mechanism of ecological environment and germplasm on the synthesis and accumulation of its secondary metabolites is unclear, which affects its quality improvement. In the project, the difference in regions and strains of the secondary metabolites of Pseudostellariae Radix will be compared by the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The influence of ecological environment on synthesis, accumulation and genetic variation of the secondary metabolites, and the influence of genetic factors on synthesis and accumulation of the secondary metabolites of Pseudostellariae Radix will be studied. The influence law and molecular control mechanism of ecological environment on synthesis and accumulation of the secondary metabolites of Pseudostellariae Radix will be revealed thereby. Our research will provide the basic information for exploring the quality forming process, choosing the suitable growing regions, and breeding and cultivation of Pseudostellariae Radix, which will be demonstration and guidance to the study of adaptation mechanism to the ecological environment, the law about species changes and the quality theory of the herbs.

太子参为大宗中药材,具益气健脾、润肺生津之功能,疗效确切,临床用量大。然而,由于生态环境的不同,造成太子参有效成分的积累变异较大,质量参差不齐。如何在药材生产过程中，保证太子参的优质和质量均一已成为太子参生产过程中的关键问题。在太子参品质形成过程中，诸多生态因子均可影响太子参次生代谢物的合成与积累，然而生态环境及种质对太子参次生代谢物的合成积累影响及其机制如何尚未阐明，从而影响了太子参药材品质的提升工程。本项目通过对其次生代谢物的定性、定量分析，比较太子参次生代谢物地域、品系间的差异，探讨生态环境对太子参次生代谢物合成积累、遗传变异的影响，以及遗传因素对其次生代谢物合成积累的影响，以揭示生态环境对太子参次生代谢物合成积累的影响规律及分子调控机制。从而为探索太子参药材品质形成过程、选择适宜产区及育种栽培提供基础资料，对研究植物药材生态环境适应机制、品种变迁规律及品质理论具有示范性和指导。

太子参为大宗常用中药材，前期研究发现，种质资源、生态环境会造成太子参有效成分的积累变异较大，药材质量参差不齐。如何保证太子参的优质和质量均一已成为太子参生产过程中的关键问题。鉴于此，本项目系统考察了不同种质、产地、采收加工太子参中化学成分的变化，综合分析了生态环境对太子参多元指标成分合成积累的影响及分子机制。基于HPLC、QTRAP LC-MS/MS、GC-MS等技术分析比较不同种质、产地、采收加工太子参中环肽、皂苷、多糖、挥发性成分、核苷、无机元素、氨基酸、脂肪酸等成分；基于UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS、1H-NMR等技术分析不同种质、产地、采收加工太子参中化学成分的差异性，找出差异成分及其变化规律；用CA、PLS等分析太子参指标成分与生态因子的相关性，找出影响太子参指标成分积累的主导生态因子；基于cDNA-AFLP技术分析不同产地、不同种质和栽培地域太子参遗传基因的差异表达，分离并鉴定相关差异基因。结果表明：种质遗传与生态环境对太子参化学成分均有影响，种质对太子参环肽的影响可能起主导作用，地域是影响多糖、核苷、无机元素、氨基酸的主导因素；月最低气温、月平均气湿、月降水量、年降水量和土壤机械组成、土壤养分、土壤无机元素、土壤微生物分别是影响太子参指标成分积累的主导气候因子和土壤因子；从同种质不同地域及同地域不同种质太子参中分别获得44、38 条差异表达转录衍生片段(TDFs)，经克隆、测序分别得到27、25 个TDFs 核苷酸序列， 19、16 个TDFs 有其对应的显著同源序列，其中7、6 个TDFs为已知功能的蛋白，主要参与植物的生长发育、抵御病虫害、提高植物抗非生物胁迫的能力。本项目研究对太子参药材的适宜产区选择、优良品种培育及合理采收加工具有指导意义和实用价值，亦为探究太子参药材品质的形成机制及提升工程提供基础资料。