钢丝绳卷扬下水式升船机附加水动力荷载机理研究与影响因子分析

Launching-type ship lift can adapt river's characteristics of large range and fast variable rate of water level in downstream approach channel in central and western regions of our country. And it has advantages of reliable docking, strong ability of dealing with chamber leak accident, etc. There are several problems which lead to launching-type ship lift is not widely used now. The first problem is big drive power needed. And the second is complicated fluid-solid coupling problem in the process of ship chamber getting in or out of water. Adsorption force when ship chamber getting out of water, slamming force when getting in water and water level fluctuation in chamber tank will greatly influence the stability of ship chamber's operation. The production mechanism and influence factors of additional hydrodynamic load of launching type ship lift in process of ship chamber getting in or out of water is lack of in-depth and systematically study. Through a physical generalized model of launching-type ship lift with the scale of 1:16 which meets the water elastic similarity principal and theoretical analysis, the production mechanism and influence farctors of ship chamber getting in or out of water with additional hydrodynamic load are deeply researched. The wave superposition mechanism and attenuation law during ship chamber getting in/out of water, dock gate operation and ship driving in/out of the ship chamber reveals the scale effect of additional hydrodynamic load. The project has the prospection of proposing dimensionless relation of additional hydrodynamic load and each influence factor and analyzing the feasibility of adopting the launching-type ship lift for large scale ship chamber which provides the science foundation for popularizing and upsizing of launching-type ship lift.

船厢下水式升船机不仅具备适应我国中西部河流下游引航道水位变幅大、变率快的特点，而且具有对接可靠、应对船厢漏水事故的能力强、效率高的优点。下水式升船机未被广泛应用的主要问题是电机驱动功率较大；船厢出入水过程存在非常复杂的流固耦合问题，出水时的吸附力和入水时的拍击力以及船厢池室的水面波动将大大影响船厢运行稳定。目前针对下水式升船机特有的船厢出入水过程中附加水动力荷载的产生机理及影响因子，缺少深入和系统的研究。本课题通过建立比尺为1:16的满足水弹性相似准则的概化物理模型，结合理论分析，重点研究船厢出入水过程附加水动力荷载的产生机理和影响因子；探讨船厢出入水、船厢卧倒门启闭、船舶进出船厢三个过程的波动叠加机理和衰减规律；揭示附加水动力荷载的船厢尺度效应。项目预期将提出附加水动力荷载与各影响因子的无量纲关系式，分析大尺度船厢采用下水型式的可行性，为下水式升船机的推广应用和大型化提供科学依据。

本项目通过物理模型试验结合理论分析，研究船厢出入水过程附加水动力荷载的产生机理，根据船厢结构体型，将出入水过程分解为三级荷载：翼缘出入水、腹板出入水、船厢底辅板出入水，分别研究了翼缘出入水过程水动力荷载的产生机理和由此产生的次生冲击的影响；腹板出入水过程中，腔体补气及排气过程、液面变化、腔体压力及提升力变化机理；厢体出入水过程水动力荷载的产生机理，分析存在气垫效应的斜升角范围。通过物理模型试验研究水动力要素及结构要素对船厢附加水动力荷载的影响，包括船厢出入水速度、船池与船厢间隙面积与船厢面积比、船池出口宽度以及引航道水深对船厢附加水动力荷载的影响，获得船厢出入水速度限值、船池与船厢之间间隙面积与船厢面积之间的最优比值，提出附加水动力荷载与各影响因子的无量纲关系式。此外还通过数学模型研究了船厢出入水、船舶进出厢、卧倒门启闭引起的波动效应对附加水动力荷载的影响，得到出入水过程船池水面波动与提升力的相关关系；探讨了船舶进出厢、船厢卧倒门启闭引起的引航道内水位变化规律以及船厢内水位变化规律，分析了船厢内水体形成驻波的原因，获得振荡频率预报公式。.通过本项目研究，掲示了钢丝绳卷扬下水式升船机船厢对接过程附加水动力荷载机理，提出附加水动力荷载与各影响因子的无量纲关系式，分析各运行流程产生的波动叠加作用的影响，为下水式升船机的推广应用提供科学依据，具有很好的应用前景。