地形的不规则性对台阶炮孔爆破地表质点最大振速的影响研究

This program is designed to study the effects of the irregularity of topographic conditions on ground peak particle vibration velocity in bench hole-blasting, based on theoretical analyses, seismic monitoring and data statistic analyses of field blasting bench hole-blasting experiments, in order to find a new way for prediction of peak particle vibration velocity in bench hole-blasting. A certain number of the types of topographic features that may have significant impact on peak particle velocity are to be selected and defined for interpretation of the irregularity of topographic conditions, before establishment of a mathematic model for comprehensive description of different irregular topographic conditions. Influence of field topographic conditions on type of the stress waves at different points on surface is to be studied qualitively and /or quasi-quantitatively, based on stress wave theory and to be verified through seismic monitoring of field bench blasting tests under different topographic conditions. A series of field bench blasting tests is to be carried out and results of seismic monitoring are to be systematically analyzed for explaination of the effect of the irregularity of topographic conditions on ground peak particle vibration velocity in bench hole-blasting. Taking into account of the influences of geology and blasting parameters, a mathematic model, termed "Topo-ppv model", representing the effect of irregularity of topographic conditions, is to be established for prediction of peak particle vibration velocity in bench hole-blasting. As a new method, a set of software is thereafter developed for prediction of surface peak particle vibration velocity of bench hole-blasting under any possible irregular topographic conditions.

针对台阶炮孔爆破条件下地形的不规则性对地表质点最大振速的影响开展研究，通过理论分析、爆破震动测试试验、数据统计分析相结合的方法，建立一种对台阶炮孔爆破地表质点最大振速进行预测的新方法。根据矿山常见的实际地形条件，设计并定义一定个数的地形几何特征参量，用以量化表征台阶炮孔爆破地形的不规则性；构建一种可对各种不规则地形进行量化描述的数学模型；应用应力波传播理论，定性/半定量分析地形的不规则性与地表不同位置应力波类型之间的关系，并通过爆破震动测试试验检验分析结果的正确性；进行多种不规则地形条件下的台阶炮孔爆破震动测试试验，基于试验数据的统计分析，研究地形的不规则性对地表质点最大振速的影响；在考虑地质和爆破因素影响的基础上，建立一种反映真实地形影响的台阶炮孔爆破质点最大振速预测数学模型（Topo-ppv模型），开发应用软件，为各种地形条件下台阶炮孔爆破地表质点最大振速的预测提供一种新方法。

由露天台阶炮孔爆破产生的地震动效应是影响矿山自身采矿生产安全与采场边坡稳定性的一个重要因素，同时也对矿山周边一定范围内人身和设备设施财产的安全具有重要影响。因此，如何预测爆破震动效应，一直是爆破研究的一个重要课题。针对这个课题，我们首先提出了等效路径和等效距离的概念来概括化爆破震动信号的传播路径，然后构建了基于等效路径的爆破震动速度峰值预测的数学模型，最后根据矿山实测数据对该预测模型进行检验。结果表明，该预测方法具有较好的精度，基本上能够满足矿山现场对爆破震动引起的质点峰值速度进行准确预测的需求。依托该项目提出了预测爆破振动质点速度峰值的新方法，发表了数篇科研论文，培养了1位博士和4位硕士。