铁道车辆碰撞过程中非约束乘员动力学响应及致伤因素研究

It is imperative and urgent to carry out studies on the passive safety protection of occupant due to frequent collision accidents of railway vehicle. The structure of railway vehicle and its occupant compartment layout have their own features, which leads to the post-behaviour particularity of collision accident. The little fundamental research on the injury and occupant dynamic response of the vehicle compartments after the collision both domestic and abroad leads to the lack of reliable design consideration and protective measure for train operation safety. Researches on the dynamic response and injury factors of unrestrained occupant are to be carried out in the project, by combining the methods of accident investigation, theoretical analysis, experiment and numerical simulation. Specific research contents include: (1) Integrate the fine analysis of human injury by finite element model and the fast calculation of dynamic response by multi-body model to build up vehicle body - compartment structure- occupant rigid / flexible coupling model. (2) Based on the coupling model, study on the dynamic response of occupant during various complex railway vehicle collisions to reveal the dynamic behaviour evolution law of occupant secondary collision. (3) Study on the influence of various factors on the occupant injury degree, and quantify the mapping relationship between human injury parameters and other influence parameters based on the multiple nonlinear regression model and Gauss-Newton iterative algorithm. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the development of corresponding passive protection measures to ensure the occupant safety.

铁道车辆碰撞事故频发，亟需开展乘员被动安全保护研究。铁道车辆结构及其客室内乘员和客室布置具有其自身特点，导致其碰撞事故后行为特殊性；国内外在铁道车辆碰撞后客室内乘员动力学响应和损伤的基础研究还很少，导致缺少可靠的设计依据和防护对策。本项目采用事故调研、理论分析、实验和数值模拟相结合的方法开展客室内非约束乘员动力学响应和致伤因素研究，具体研究内容为：（1）综合有限元模型对人体损伤的精细分析特点和多体模型对动力学响应的快速计算特点，构建车体-客室结构-乘员的刚/柔耦合求解模型；（2）基于构建的模型研究铁道车辆复杂碰撞响应过程中乘员的动力学响应，揭示乘员二次碰撞动力学行为演化规律；（3）研究不同因素对乘员碰撞损伤的影响情况，基于多元非线性回归模型及Gauss-Newton迭代算法量化人体损伤参数和各影响参数之间的映射关系。研究成果可为制定相应的乘员安全保护对策、实现乘员被动安全保护提供理论依据。

铁道车辆碰撞事故频发，亟需开展乘员被动安全保护研究。本项目针对铁道车辆碰撞过程中非约束乘员复杂的动力学响应问题，围绕乘员被动安全保护的实用性和可行性，开展碰撞过程中乘员动力学响应规律、乘员致伤机理和致伤影响因素研究，具体研究结果和结论如下：（1）构建出列车—乘员—运行线路—行车环境大系统三维碰撞动力学模型，开发出适合于我国铁道车辆客室内乘员动力学响应与致伤因素评价体系的人机界面；（2）为解决铁道车辆多车仿真分析中的模型规模大、计算时间长、分析效率低、对计算机性能要求高、需要存储空间大等问题，本项目开发了整列车碰撞模型简化方法；（3）获得铁道车辆驾驶员、坐姿乘员、站立乘员等碰撞动力学响应规律，揭示出碰撞后乘员动力学行为演化规律，分析乘员碰撞损伤机理并构建乘员损伤评估模型，为开展列车碰撞防护技术研究、提出列车碰撞防护措施及列车耐撞性设计提供理论支撑；（4）探明乘员致伤影响因素，基于多元非线性回归模型及Gauss-Newton迭代算法精确得到人体各关键部位损伤参数和各影响因素间的映射关系；（5）以铁道车辆客室内就座的非约束乘员为研究对象，基于数值模拟得到的有限试验观测值，建立了混合算法预测模型，对同一初始状态的乘员在不同试验参数条件下的损伤参数进行预测，从而方便快捷地获得想要得到的乘员损伤指标，大大减少重复试验次数，提高客室内结构参数设计效率，为评估现有和新设计的铁道车辆客室内饰结构参数的安全性能提供了一种新的途径和方法；（6）系统开展了铁道车辆车体前端耐撞性结构及其吸能结构的设计、碰撞影响因素及优化分析，取得了一些可观的成果，为铁道车辆乘员被动安全保护开拓了更多有效可行的措施。依托本项目发表高水平学术论文17篇（其中SCI论文16篇、CSCD论文1篇）；申请并授权发明专利9项，获得软件著作权1项；培养研究生4名，其中已毕业博士研究生1名，已毕业硕士研究生3名。