基于无人机近地面遥感的红松种群空间格局分析

The population spatial pattern analysis is importance for understanding the morphology, function and dynamic of species populations, and the mechanism of species coexistence. Different spatial patterns reflect the relationship between species and environmental factors. However, the spatial pattern of population depended on the spatial scale which was chosen by researcher and the population spatial pattern analysis cannot be carried out on a large scale due to the traditional inventory method. In this project, we will use Pinuskoraiensis population as an example, which is constructive species of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain, and introduce near-surface remote sensing technology which will break through the space limitations of traditional inventory methods. Moreover, this project will provide a new method for collecting species position data which were used for the population spatial pattern analysis. During the project, we will develop the spatial matching and fusion method of lidar data and orthophoto data acquired by near-surface remote sensing technology, and establish the algorithm for locating and identifying Pinuskoraiensis individuals based on the fusion data. Finally, we will use the Pinuskoraiensis population position data to analysis the spatial distribution pattern and the formation mechanism at a large scale. The expected results of this project will be of practical meaning for understanding mechanism of Pinuskoraiensis spatial distribution, which is useful to the Pinuskoraiensis protection and utilization. The methods developed by this project will be a guide for population spatial pattern analysis and biodiversity research at large scale in the future.

种群空间格局反映了物种在空间的分布规律及其与环境之间的关系，研究种群空间分布格局对于理解种群的形态、功能和动态，物种保护和恢复具有重要意义。受人工调查的限制，种群空间分布格局研究主要集中于样地尺度，景观尺度等更大尺度的分布格局及其形成机制仍不清晰。无人机作为一种新兴的遥感平台，能够快速获取物种个体分布信息，为大尺度种群空间格局研究提供一种新思路。因此，本项目拟以阔叶红松林的优势种红松（Pinuskoraiensis）为研究对象，引入无人机近地面遥感突破传统调查技术的空间限制，开展景观尺度的种群空间格局研究。本项目将开展激光雷达和正射影像的匹配研究，发展红松个体的定位识别方法，揭示景观尺度的红松种群空间分布格局及其形成机制。本项目的预期成果将对于理解红松的空间分布规律、开展红松的科学保护和利用具有现实意义，对于未来利用新技术开展大尺度的种群空间分布格局和生物多样性研究具有重要参考价值。

种群空间格局反映了物种在空间的分布规律及其与环境之间的关系，研究种群空间分布格局对于理解种群的形态、功能和动态，物种保护和恢复具有重要意义。受人工调查的限制，种群空间分布格局研究主要集中于样地尺度，景观尺度等更大尺度的分布格局及其形成机制仍不清晰。无人机作为一种新兴的遥感平台，能够快速获取物种个体分布信息，为大尺度种群空间格局研究提供一种新思路。本项目以阔叶红松林的优势种红松（Pinuskoraiensis）为研究对象，引入无人机近地面遥感突破传统调查技术的空间限制，开展景观尺度的种群空间格局研究。为此，本项目研发了一套极低成本的无人机激光雷达系统，并验证了其提取森林参数的可行性；发展了基于深度学习的激光雷达滤波算法；研发了适用于林区无需控制点的激光雷达自动拼接算法；构建了长白山地区红松空间分布数据集，发展了基于激光雷达和影像的红松识别方法；最后综述了激光雷达在生态系统观测中的研究现状和发展趋势。本项目的成果将对于理解红松的空间分布规律、开展红松的科学保护和利用具有现实意义，对于未来利用新技术开展大尺度的种群空间分布格局和生物多样性研究具有重要参考价值。