中国籼稻主栽群体遗传构成的分析

There is a tendency of genetic monomorphism in Indica rice productive population in China, due to the planting of few cultivars and hybrid combinations for wide region and long time. In this study, rice sowing area and distribution was investigated. The pedigree information of important varieties and combinations since 1930s was collected. An MS Access Database was set up which had 7400 records on rice planting area and more than 2000 records on pedigree. The contribution of breeding parents was estimated according to pedigree and planting area as factors of weight. Parents with highest contribution rate were pooled. Changes of genetic diversity and the level of monomorphism were investigated.

以我国籼稻主栽品种和组合及骨干亲本为对象，通过半定量系谱分析、表现型和AFLP标记多态性分析计算品种、骨干亲本和染色体区段在主栽群体中权重，认识主栽群体的同源性、多样性和特异性遗传组合及其比重，通过不同类型、区域间特征性的比较分析，推断对籼稻品种改良起支撑作用的共同亲本和染色体区段，并从多样性遗传组分中发掘非同源优良基因。