螺旋碳纳米管调控共混物界面结构与形状记忆性能的研究

Polymer blending provides an accessible route to realize the commercial applications of shape memory polymers (SMPs). However, the difficult balance between shape recovery property and mechanical strength, weak interfacial adhesions greatly limit the developments of SMP blends. This project aims to introduce the elastic, helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) into the interface of the plastic/elastomer blends via tailoring the thermodynamic and kinetic factors. Based on the high elasticity of HCNTs and the HCNTs bridging two phase, the elasticity and the interfacial strength of SMP blends can be efficiently controlled, thus realizing intelligent and precise shape memory behavior. The localization of HCNTs at the blend interface and its effect on the morphology, structure and interfacial strength of SMP blends are investigated. Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of shape memory behavior, the synergistic effect of HCNTs elasticity and HCNTs bridging two phase on enhancing shape memory property is illustrated, and a theoretical model for adjusting the shape memory performance is established. Meanwhile, HCNTs have excellent mechanical enhancement and electric/photo effect, which can realize the optimization of mechanical property and multi-stimuli response. After accomplishing this project, it is expected to expand the application of HCNTs in polymer composites, and provide scientific basis for the structural design of high-performance SMP composites.

共混技术是形状记忆聚合物实现工业化应用的重要途径。针对形状记忆共混物存在的形状回复性能与机械强度难以平衡、界面粘接强度弱的问题，本项目以塑料/弹性体共混物为研究对象，选择具有弹性的螺旋碳纳米管（HCNTs），结合热力学和动力学设计，将HCNTs构筑到两相界面。通过HCNTs的弹性与桥联两相作用同步调控基体弹性和两相界面粘接强度，实现共混物的智能化精确变形与回复。研究影响HCNTs分布两相界面的科学规律，阐述HCNTs对共混物形态结构的影响，揭示HCNTs桥联两相对界面粘接强度的调控机制。通过形状记忆行为的定量和定性分析，阐明HCNTs弹性和HCNTs桥联两相在共混物形状记忆过程中的协同作用机理。利用HCNTs的力学增强和光电效应，实现材料的力学性能优化和多模式激励响应。通过本项目的研究，有助于拓展HCNTs在聚合物复合材料领域的应用，为高性能形状记忆复合材料的结构设计提供坚实的科学基础。

共混技术是形状记忆聚合物实现工业化应用的重要途径。针对形状记忆共混物存在的形状回复性能与机械强度难以平衡、缺乏光电响应的问题，本项目以塑料/弹性体共混物为研究对象，选择碳纳米粒子（碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、石墨烯等），结合热力学和动力学设计，将碳纳米粒子构筑到两相界面，实现共混物复合材料的智能化精确变形与回复。利用碳纳米粒子的力学增强和光电效应，实现共混物复合材料的力学性能优化和多模式激励响应。主要研究内容包括：(1)三维螺旋碳纳米管(HCNTs)在共混物的界面分布及其形状记忆性能研究，从热力学和动力学角度实现对HCNTs在共混物两相界面稳定桥联分布的有效控制，通过HCNTs的弹性与桥联两相同步调控基体弹性和两相界面粘接强度，建立基于HCNTs桥联两相增强共混物形状记忆性能的理论模型。(2)不同维度粒子填充的多模式刺激响应形状记忆共混物复合材料，选择一维的碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维和零维的聚吡咯纳米粒子填充到塑料/弹性体共混物中，调控不同维度粒子在共混物中的选择性分布，以增强形状记忆性能和综合力学性能，同时赋予多模式热/光/电致激励响应。(3)兼具热/电/光致形状记忆和能源存储功能的柔性相变储能材料，将碳纳米粒子组装在弹性泡沫骨架进而封装相变材料，结合密胺泡沫的弹性与相变材料的熔融结晶相转变，在极低填料含量下赋予复合材料柔性变形和能源存储功能。通过本项目的研究，有助于拓展碳纳米粒子在聚合物复合材料领域的应用，为高性能形状记忆共混物复合材料的结构设计提供坚实的科学基础，因而具有重要的学术意义。