序批式固定载体生物膜与活性污泥耦合工艺剩余污泥减量及深度脱氮机理与调控机制研究

Waste water treatment plants in China are facing difficulties such as excessive activated sludge and increasingly strict emission regulations. The application of advanced treatment facility is hard to achieve due to the requirements of additional land and investment. The Sequencing Batch Immobilized Carrier Biofilm and Suspended Sludge Coupling Process has the characteristics of “double sludge system” (biomembrane+suspended activated sludge), which has satisfactory performances on excess sludge reduction and advanced nitrogen removal. Therefore, the process described above could be adopted to the WWTP renovations. Currently, the study of sludge reduction mechanism and advanced nitrogen removal mechanism of the “Coupling Process” has not been reported. Based on previous studies, this study aimed to establish a pilot-scale “Coupling Process” system and a laboratory research system to treat WWTP inflow. Based on established experimental systems, this study aimed to carry out researches on Biofilm and Suspended Sludge Coupling, process control, sludge reduction mechanism and advanced nitrogen removal mechanism; To carry out researches on the dynamic matching relationship of sludge reduction and nitrogen removal in one process. Discuss the relevant theories and acquire process control methods to provide scientific basis for the engineering design and operation of the Sequencing Batch Immobilized Carrier Biofilm and Suspended Sludge Coupling Process.

我国城镇污水处理厂面临着剩余污泥处理困难、排放考核标准提高的问题，提标改造采用三级深度处理工艺，增加占地与投资，难以实施。序批式固定载体生物膜与活性污泥耦合工艺采用“生物膜+悬浮活性污泥”“双污泥”系统，具有较好的原位剩余污泥减量和深度脱氮性能，实施二级工艺深度处理，能够解决提标改造问题。目前国内外尚未开展有关耦合工艺剩余污泥减量、深度脱氮机理，以及调控机制方面的研究。本项目将在前期研究的基础上,在污水处理厂构建耦合工艺中试和实验室试验系统处理进厂污水，研究生物膜与活性污泥匹配、工艺条件与设计运行参数，生物膜与活性污泥微生物、捕食污泥微型动物特性，与剩余污泥减量、与深度脱氮（微生物捕食污泥、硝化反硝化等）之间的相互关系、作用机理、调控机制；研究剩余污泥减量与深度脱氮之间的匹配关系。探讨相关理论，获取工艺调控方法，为耦合工艺工程应用设计运行与科学研究提供科学依据与理论基础。

目前国内污水处理厂面临着排放标准不断收紧、日常运行能耗偏高、提标改造用地紧张、大量剩余污泥难以处理等一系列难题。在不增加用地的前提下，实现污水二级处理工艺出水满足地表类 IV 类水要求，以及实现污水处理工艺原位剩余污泥减量成为了现阶段亟待解决的重要问题之一。序批式固定载体生物膜与活性污泥耦合工艺是一种高出水标准的城市污水二级处理工艺，具有出水效果好、污泥产量少、占地面积少、能耗节省等工艺优势。本研究建立了规模为 95吨/天 的序批式耦合工艺中试试验装置，利用污水厂实际污水进行试验，对该工艺在不同温度条件下的运行效果进行考察和验证。试验结果表明：序批式固定载体与活性污泥耦合工艺出水效果良好，出水达到准 IV 类水质标准，与常规活性污泥法工艺对比，序批式耦合工艺可减少约38%的剩余污泥排放量以及 50% 能源损耗。本项目研究成果可为耦合工艺工程应用设计运行与科学研究提供科学依据与理论基础。