鄱阳湖湿地PEDCs的分布特征、源解析及生态风险评估

Poyang Lake wetland plays an important role in the regional ecological security. It is of great significance for the wetland ecological protection and construction of the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone to study of the phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (PEDCs) pollution characteristics, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment in the wetland environment of Poyang Lake..Seven PEDCs, there are 4-Nonylphenol, Bisphenol A, Pentachlorophenol, 4-Cumylphenol, 4–t–Octylphenol, Nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate and Nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate will be studied in this project. We will study the PEDCs’ composition, distribution, levels and pollution characteristics in the water and surface sediments of the Poyang Lake wetland environment. Through correlation analysis of the total PEDCs’ content with the pH, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, organic matter and black carbon of the wetland environment, we will explore the affect factors of the PEDCs’ accumulation and migration in the Poyang Lake wetland environment. Combined with the current situation survey, we will resolve the major source of PEDCs in the Poyang Lake wetland environment. The probability of ecological risk assessment method will used to assess the potential ecological risk of the PEDCs on the Poyang Lake wetland environment..This project will grasp and evaluate of the PEDCs' pollution characteristics and its health risks in the soil of Poyang Lake wetland from the overall situation. The results will provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of the PEDCs' contamination in the wetland environment of Poyang Lake. The research results have significant value to determine the regional PEDCs’ ecological health risk assessment and to seek PEDCs' regional pollution control methods. It also have important significance for the protection of migratory birds and human health and ecological environment.

鄱阳湖湿地对维系区域生态安全具有重要作用，系统地开展其环境中酚类内分泌干扰物(PEDCs)的污染特征、来源解析及生态风险评估研究对于生态保护及鄱阳湖生态经济区建设意义重大。项目拟以4-壬基酚、双酚A、五氯酚、枯烯基酚、4-t-辛基酚、壬基酚二氧乙烯醚和壬基酚单氧乙烯醚等PEDCs为目标，研究鄱阳湖湿地水体与表层沉积物中PEDCs的时空分布、污染水平及污染特征；通过对总PEDCs含量与pH、溶解氧、氧化还原电位、有机质及黑炭等的相关性分析，探讨影响其中PEDCs累积和迁移的因素；结合现状调查，解析鄱阳湖湿地中PEDCs的主要来源；采用概率生态风险评价法评估鄱阳湖湿地中PEDCs潜在的生态风险。研究结果将为有效防止及控制PEDCs污染提供科学依据；对确定区域性的PEDCs生态风险评估、寻求PEDCs区域污染治理方法有重要价值；对候鸟保护、人类健康及生态环境保护都有重要意义。

酚类内分泌干扰物具有环境毒性，鄱阳湖湿地在国家生态安全中作用重大。项目采集了鄱阳湖湿地样品，气相色谱-质谱联用法检测了其中PEDCs，在水、沉积物和灰化苔草样品中平均浓度：壬基酚为1.468±0.531ng/L、2.247±1.273ng/g和0.504±0.178ng/g。辛基酚为2.967±1.409ng/L、2.247±1.273ng/g和0.201±0.097ng/g，双酚A为40.49±18.42ng/L、9.840±3.149ng/g和3.25±1.40ng/g，壬基酚二氧乙烯醚为3125.9±478.1ng/L、650.0±209.9ng/g和275.8±59.0ng/g，枯烯基酚为5.977±2.681ng/L 、0.436±0.179ng/g和0.079±0.038ng/g，五氯酚为0.330±0.091ng/L、23.4±6.6ng/kg和55.5±13.9ng/kg。水中CP、PCP、NP和OP的含量显著低于太湖、滇池和中国其他河流。水中BPA浓度与太湖、滇池等河流相似。沉积物中NP、OP和BPA的含量显著低于我国其他地区。洗涤剂的初级降解产物NP2EO的浓度明显高于高级降解产物NP的浓度。沉积物中五氯酚含量与其pH有显著负相关性。利用PEDCs的慢性毒性数据，用Sigmoid分布构建了淡水生态系统SSD模型，估算了PEDCs的HC5，计算了PNEC水，选择欧盟的风险评价技术导则计算了PEDCs的PNEC沉积物。鄱阳湖湿地中PCP、NP和OP的RQ均显著低于1.0，低于中国其他地区，表明PCP、NP和OP的生态风险较低。水中BPA风险低而NP2EO生态风险较高。沉积物中BPA分别有42.31%和57.69%的采样点表现为中、高生态风险而NP2EO则有96.15%的具有较高生态风险。灰化苔草中BPA和NP2EO的中及高风险比例分别为75.00%和5.00%，45.00%和55.00%。BPA在水体和沉积物中的生态风险与太湖相似。PCP的生态风险整体均较低，远远低于我国其他湖泊及河流。鄱阳湖五大支流的BPA生态风险是水中低而沉积物中高；而NP2EO则在水及沉积物中均有较高生态风险，表明鄱阳湖入湖水的生态风险较高。农村面源污染和污水排放是造成生态风险高的可能原因。BPA和NP2EO的较高生态风险可能对候鸟造成危害，需进一步研究。